"The recent increase in the use of electric cars is seen as a step toward reducing air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Electric cars produce zero tailpipe emissions and are more energy-efficient." Why are electric cars considered a step toward reducing air pollution?They produce zero tailpipe emissions.They are more sustainable.They do not reduce air pollution, but are a next step.They are more energy-efficient.

Do electric vehicles reduce air pollution and help in improving the AQI of the environment.

Text 1The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly transforming the automotive industry. Initially met with skepticism, EVs are now embraced as a crucial step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The major car manufacturers are investing heavily in this technology, predicting that the future roads will be dominated by electric cars. This shift is largely driven by an increasing awareness of environmental issues and advancements in technology that make electric cars more accessible and effective.Electric vehicles offer significant advantages over traditional gasoline-powered cars. They produce zero direct emissions, which reduces air pollution in urban areas. With the enhancement of battery technology, the driving range of EVs has improved, making them a more viable option for long-distance travel. Furthermore, the cost of batteries, the most expensive part of an electric vehicle, has been falling, making EVs more affordable for the average consumer.Governments around the world are supporting this transition. In many countries, there are financial incentives for buying electric cars, such as tax credits and grants. Moreover, infrastructure development is also given priority, with an increasing number of charging stations being installed. Despite this progress, there are challenges. The production of EV batteries has environmental impacts, and the electricity used to charge the vehicles often comes from non-renewable sources, raising questions about how green electric vehicles truly are.Text 2Public transportation systems are the backbone of any major city. Buses, trains, and subways move millions of people daily, reducing traffic congestion and lowering emissions. This system not only provides a cost-effective way for citizens to commute but also minimizes the environmental impact compared to private vehicle use. For urban areas grappling with high pollution levels, enhancing public transport can offer a substantial relief.Many cities across the globe are now focusing on improving their public transportation networks. Upgrading older systems with modern technology helps to ensure reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, many municipalities are integrating eco-friendly practices, such as using electric or hybrid buses, which further contribute to pollution reduction. To encourage more people to use public transportation, governments are also enhancing connectivity and increasing the frequency of service.Despite these benefits, public transportation in many places suffers from underinvestment. Aging infrastructure can lead to delays and frequent breakdowns, which deter people from using these services. Moreover, during peak hours, overcrowding can become a severe issue, impacting the comfort and convenience of passengers. For public transportation to truly compete with private vehicles, these issues need significant attention and investment.Which challenge is mentioned in both texts?ACost of production and maintenance.BEnvironmental impacts of production processes.COvercrowding during peak hours.DReliance on non-renewable energy sources.EUnderinvestment and aging infrastructure.

Nowadays there is a debate on whether electric cars (EV) are more ecological and economical compared with normal gasoline cars (internal combustion engine, ICE). As materials engineers, we have the knowledge to solve this debate. We did a literature review and we found the following information:- The CO2 emission for the fabrication of an EV and an ICE car is the same and equal to 10 metric tonnes of CO2. However, EV cars depend on Li-Ion batteries. The fabrication of a 100 kWh battery pack adds to the EV fabrication another 12 metric tonnes of CO2 emissions. -ICE car consumes non-renewable fuel that produces an average of 5 metric tonnes of CO2 annually. EV cars consume electricity which is produced by a combination of renewable (solar, wind, hydro) and non-renewable energy sources, producing an average of 2 metric tonnes of CO2 annually. How many years will it take for the EV to be more ecological (less total CO2 emissions) than the ICE car?  Kysymys 2Valitse yksi:a.4 yearsb.many years because fabrication of ICE  car produces only 10 metric tonnes of CO2 emissions compared to EV that produces 22 metric tonnes of CO2 emissionsc.0 years. EV is immediately more ecologicald.8 months

Why is less reliance on cars (even electric), and greater use of solutions such as public transport, an important way to reduce emissions? Select ALL correct optionsGreater use of public transport will mean less demand for petrol and vehicles.1Swapping all cars for electric vehicles requires more resources than we have, and would cause more damage.2Cars produce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, so more cars are actually better.

Select the correct answerStatement:The government has announced a new policy that aims to promote the use of electric vehicles.Inference:I. The government is concerned about air pollution caused by traditional vehicles.II. The government wants to reduce the country’s dependence on fossil fuels.III. The government wants to promote the use of electric vehicles as they are more affordable than traditional vehicles.OptionsIf only II followsIf only I followsIf none of them followIf both I and II followIf both II and III follow