In China, what has perpetuated gender-based division of labour?

The gender-based division of labor in China has been perpetuated by several factors:

1. Traditional Beliefs: In China, Confucianism has played a significant role in shaping societal norms and behaviors. It emphasizes the idea of male superiority and female inferiority, which has led to a gender-based division of labor. Men are expected to work outside and provide for the family, while women are expected to take care of the home and children.

2. Economic Reforms: The economic reforms in China have led to a shift in the labor market. While more women have entered the workforce, they are often relegated to low-paying jobs or are the first to be laid off during economic downturns. This has further entrenched the gender-based division of labor.

3. Education: Although there has been progress in recent years, there is still a gender gap in education in China. Girls are often encouraged to pursue studies in fields that are traditionally considered "female", such as humanities and social sciences, while boys are encouraged to pursue "male" fields, such as science and engineering. This leads to a gender-based division of labor in the workforce.

4. Government Policies: The Chinese government's policies have also contributed to the gender-based division of labor. For example, the one-child policy has reinforced traditional gender roles, as families often prefer to have a son who can carry on the family name and provide for them in old age.

5. Social Pressure: There is also social pressure for women to conform to traditional gender roles. Women who choose to prioritize their careers over family are often stigmatized, which can discourage them from pursuing higher-paying jobs or leadership positions.

These factors have all contributed to the perpetuation of the gender-based division of labor in China.