Identify two factors that led to Australia’s Indigenous population being highly susceptible to the diseases brought by Europeans.

List five factors that contribute to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander ill health and common diseases.

1.Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people often define illness in cultural terms. The early European model of viewing health issues did not include an understanding of the complexity of many Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people’s culture and their holistic approach to health. 2. The history of European contact has been one of conflict, domination and suppression, leaving many Indigenous Australians dispossessed and culturally bereft. As a result many Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people continue to suffer significant health, social and educational disadvantage. 3. Since colonisation, healthy Aboriginal ‘bush tucker’ has mostly been replaced by high fat, low fibre, high salt and high sugar foods of low nutritional value. As a result, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are disproportionately common among Indigenous Australian communities. 4. loss of group identity result in mental health issue eg suicide and smoking, alcohol and substance abuse. according the above, use 50wrods to answer the below question What factors are likely to contribute to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander ill health and give examples of three common diseases experienced by these groups of people

“The isolation of the [native peoples] of the Americas . . . from Old World germs prior to the last few hundred years was nearly absolute. Not only did very few people of any origin cross the great oceans, but those who did must have been healthy or they would have died on the way, taking their pathogens with them. . . . [Native Americans] were not without their own infections, of course. [But Native Americans] seem to have been without any experience with such Old World maladies as smallpox [and] measles. . . .“Indications of the susceptibility of [Native Americans] . . . to Old World infections appear almost immediately after the intrusion of the whites. In 1492, Columbus kidnapped a number of [Arawak Indians] to train as interpreters and to show to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Several of them seem to have died on the stormy voyage to Europe [in 1493]. . . . In 1495, Columbus . . . sent 550 [Arawak] slaves . . . off across the Atlantic. . . to be put to work in Spain. The majority of these soon were also dead. . . .“. . . What killed the Arawaks in 1493 and 1495? . . . Columbus certainly did not want to kill his interpreters, and slavers and slaveholders have no interest whatever in the outright slaughter of their property. . . . The most likely candidates for the role of exterminator of the first [Native Americans] in Europe were those that killed so many other Arawaks in the decades immediately following: Old World pathogens.”Alfred W. Crosby, historian, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900, published in 1986QuestionWhich of the following developments in the late 1400s and early 1500s is depicted in the excerpt?ResponsesNative Americans adapted to diverse geographical environments and developed complex societies.Native Americans adapted to diverse geographical environments and developed complex societies.Alliances with Europeans aided some Native American societies in their efforts to conquer rival powers.Alliances with Europeans aided some Native American societies in their efforts to conquer rival powers.Europeans persecuted for their religious beliefs established new separatist settlements in the Americas.Europeans persecuted for their religious beliefs established new separatist settlements in the Americas.Europeans undertook voyages across the Atlantic to the Americas in search of new sources of wealth.

What disease decimated the Native American population?Group of answer choicesYellow FeverMumpsSmallpoxMeasles

Identify the type of immunity developed by the European colonists during childhood to these diseases.