A sigma bond may be formed by the overlap of 2 atomic orbitals of atoms A and B. If the bond is formed along the x-axis, which of the following overlaps is acceptable ?A s orbital of A and pz orbital of B B px orbital of A and py orbital of B C pz orbital of A and px orbital of B D px orbital of A and s orbital of B
Question
A sigma bond may be formed by the overlap of 2 atomic orbitals of atoms A and B. If the bond is formed along the x-axis, which of the following overlaps is acceptable ?A s orbital of A and pz orbital of B B px orbital of A and py orbital of B C pz orbital of A and px orbital of B D px orbital of A and s orbital of B
Solution
To determine which of the given overlaps is acceptable for the formation of a sigma bond along the x-axis, we need to consider the types of atomic orbitals involved.
A sigma bond is formed by the overlap of two atomic orbitals, with one orbital from each atom. The s orbital is spherical in shape and has no directional preference, while the p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and have directional preferences along the x, y, and z axes.
Option A suggests the overlap of the s orbital of atom A and the pz orbital of atom B. Since the pz orbital has a directional preference along the z-axis, this overlap is not acceptable for the formation of a sigma bond along the x-axis.
Option B suggests the overlap of the px orbital of atom A and the py orbital of atom B. Since both the px and py orbitals have directional preferences along the x and y axes, respectively, this overlap is not acceptable for the formation of a sigma bond along the x-axis.
Option C suggests the overlap of the pz orbital of atom A and the px orbital of atom B. Since both the pz and px orbitals have directional preferences along the z and x axes, respectively, this overlap is acceptable for the formation of a sigma bond along the x-axis.
Option D suggests the overlap of the px orbital of atom A and the s orbital of atom B. Since the s orbital has no directional preference, this overlap is acceptable for the formation of a sigma bond along the x-axis.
Therefore, the acceptable overlap for the formation of a sigma bond along the x-axis is option D: px orbital of atom A and s orbital of atom B.
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