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The market for aircraft features only two firms: Boeing (firm 1) and Airbus(firm 2). The inverse demand in the market is given byP = 18 − Q,where Q is the aggregate quantity. Both firms have a total cost function given by C(qi) =3qi, i ∈ {1, 2}.(a) Find the Nash equilibrium (q∗1 , q∗2 ) when firms do not collude, and compute theprice and profits of each firm in this equilibrium.(b) Suppose that Boeing and Airbus collude to act as a monopolist and split profitsevenly. Compute the new equilibrium quantity, price and profits.(c) Now, suppose the total cost functions are C(q1) = 3q1 and C(q2) = 6q2. Find thenew Nash equilibrium and compute the price and profits of each firm in this newequilibrium.1

Question

The market for aircraft features only two firms: Boeing (firm 1) and Airbus(firm 2). The inverse demand in the market is given byP = 18 − Q,where Q is the aggregate quantity. Both firms have a total cost function given by C(qi) =3qi, i ∈ {1, 2}.(a) Find the Nash equilibrium (q∗1 , q∗2 ) when firms do not collude, and compute theprice and profits of each firm in this equilibrium.(b) Suppose that Boeing and Airbus collude to act as a monopolist and split profitsevenly. Compute the new equilibrium quantity, price and profits.(c) Now, suppose the total cost functions are C(q1) = 3q1 and C(q2) = 6q2. Find thenew Nash equilibrium and compute the price and profits of each firm in this newequilibrium.1

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Solution

(a) To find the Nash equilibrium, we first need to find the reaction functions of both firms. The reaction function is derived from each firm's profit maximization problem.

The profit of firm i is given by πi = Pqi - C(qi) = (18 - Q)qi - 3qi = (18 - q1 - q2)qi - 3qi.

Taking the derivative of πi with respect to qi and setting it equal to zero gives us the reaction function for each firm:

For firm 1: q1 = (18 - q2 - 3)/2 For firm 2: q2 = (18 - q1 - 3)/2

Solving these two equations simultaneously gives us the Nash equilibrium quantities: q∗1 = q∗2 = 5.

Substituting q∗1 and q∗2 into the inverse demand function gives us the equilibrium price: P = 18 - Q = 18 - (5 + 5) = 8.

The profit of each firm is then πi = Pqi - C(qi) = 85 - 35 = 25.

(b) If the firms collude to act as a monopolist, they will jointly maximize their total profit. The total profit is given by π = P(Q)Q - C(Q) = (18 - Q)Q - 3Q.

Taking the derivative of π with respect to Q and setting it equal to zero gives us the monopolist quantity: Q = 6.

Since the firms split the quantity evenly, q1 = q2 = 3.

Substituting Q into the inverse demand function gives us the monopolist price: P = 18 - Q = 18 - 6 = 12.

The total profit is then π = P(Q)Q - C(Q) = 126 - 36 = 54. Since the firms split the profit evenly, each firm gets a profit of 27.

(c) If the total cost functions are C(q1) = 3q1 and C(q2) = 6q2, the reaction functions change.

For firm 1: q1 = (18 - q2 - 3)/2 For firm 2: q2 = (18 - q1 - 6)/2

Solving these two equations simultaneously gives us the new Nash equilibrium quantities: q∗1 = 6 and q∗2 = 3.

Substituting q∗1 and q∗2 into the inverse demand function gives us the new equilibrium price: P = 18 - Q = 18 - (6 + 3) = 9.

The profit of firm 1 is then π1 = Pq1 - C(q1) = 96 - 36 = 36 and the profit of firm 2 is π2 = Pq2 - C(q2) = 93 - 63 = 9.

This problem has been solved

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