Healthcare 5.0 Security Framework: Applications,Issues and Future Research DirectionsMOHAMMAD WAZID 1, (Senior Member, IEEE),ASHOK KUMAR DAS 2,3, (Senior Member, IEEE), NOOR MOHD 1,AND YOUNGHO PARK 4, (Member, IEEE)1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India2Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India3Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Suffolk, VA 23435, USA4School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaCorresponding authors: Ashok Kumar Das ([email protected]) and Youngho Park ([email protected])This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by theMinistry of Education under Grant 2020R1I1A3058605.ABSTRACT Healthcare 5.0 is a system that can be deployed to provide various healthcare services. It doesthese services by utilising a new generation of information technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT),Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big data analytics, blockchain and cloud computing. Due to the introductionof healthcare 5.0, the paradigm has been now changed. It is disease-centered to patient-centered carewhere it provides healthcare services and supports to the people. However, there are several security issuesand challenges in healthcare 5.0 which may cause the leakage or alteration of sensitive healthcare data.This demands that we need a robust framework in order to secure the data of healthcare 5.0, which canfacilitate different security related procedures like authentication, access control, key management andintrusion detection. Therefore, in this review article, we propose the design of a secure generalized healthcare5.0 framework. The details of various applications of healthcare 5.0 along with the security requirementsand threat model of healthcare 5.0 are provided. Next, we discuss about the existing security mechanismsin healthcare 5.0 along with their performance comparison. Some future research directions are finallydiscussed for the researchers working in healthcare 5.0 domain.INDEX TERMS Healthcare 5.0, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, cyber security, blockchain.I. INTRODUCTIONDue to the advancement of the information technology, theidea of healthcare 5.0 has rapidly gained attention. Healthcare5.0 transforms the conventional medical system in a com-prehensive way by making healthcare effective, convenientand more personalised [1]. It does this by utilising a newgeneration of information technologies, such as the Inter-net of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, Big data analyt-ics, blockchain and cloud computing. Healthcare 5.0 is amulti-level transformation that goes beyond basic technologi-cal advancements [2]. There are changes in the medical model(for example, it is disease-centered to patient-centered carenow). The construction of information technology has beenThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript andapproving it for publication was Sedat Akleylek .shifted from clinical to regional medical informatization [3].Moreover, the medical management has become from generalto personalised management. The idea of prevention andtreatment are all examples of this change. It is focusing notonly on disease treatment, but also on the preventive health-care [4], [5].A. EVOLUTION OF HEALTHCAREVarious applications of healthcare 5.0 include ‘‘hospitaloperations management’’, ‘‘remote monitoring of patients’’,‘‘treatment and detection of diseases’’, etc. [6], [7]. The tran-sition of healthcare system is given Figure 1. It started withthe healthcare 1.0, which stood with the production. Health-care 1.0 focused on evidence based treatment, where the mainobjective was quality treatment and patient’s survivability.Healthcare 2.0 came into existence, which stood with theVOLUME 10, 2022 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 129429••••••IEEE Access ·Multidisciplinary : Rapid Review l Open Acc ess Journal

Data Privacy and Security: Data security and privacy issuesare raised by Industry 5.0’s heavy reliance on the collectionand processing of enormous amounts of data. Due to the useof cutting-edge technologies like AI, the internet of things(IoT), and cloud computing, which produce and process vastamounts of sensitive data, data privacy and security arecrucial concerns in the implementation of Industry 5.0 forhealthcare. While these technologies have the potential tosignificantly improve healthcare outcomes and delivery, theyalso pose new privacy and data security risks to patients.Strong emphasis must be placed on creating andimplementing effective data privacy and security policies andprotocols in order to address these concerns. This entailsmaking certain that patient data is properly encrypted andsafeguarded, limiting access to sensitive data, and putting inplace the proper authentication and access controls. Inaddition, there needs to be explicit guidelines and rules inplace to guarantee that patient data is gathered, saved, andused in accordance with ethical and legal standards

vulnerability scan on a healthcare system reveals multiple vulnerabilities, including outdated software, weak password policies, and open ports. Given the critical nature of healthcare data, how should the IT team prioritize and address these vulnerabilities?

This framework provides a quantitative view of the solution and building blocks*2 pointsOpen Security ArchitectureSherwood Applied Business Security ArchitectureThe Open Group Architecture Framework

Based on the risk assessment, security plans and protocols are developed to address identified:Question 44Answera.Securityb.Risksc.Risks free

Industry 5.0 for Healthcare 5.0: Opportunities,Challenges and Future Research PossibilitiesL. Gomathi Anand Kumar Mishra Amit Kumar Tyagi[0000−0003−2657−8700]School of Computer Science and Engineering NIIT University Department of Fashion TechnologyVellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Neemrana, India National Institute of Fashion TechnologyChennai, India [email protected] New Delhi, [email protected] [email protected]—Industry 5.0 is the subsequent stage in the developmentof manufacturing and production systems that combines cutting-edgetechnology with human intelligence and skills. The healthcare sectorhas been developing over time, going through significant changes atevery stage. The emerging idea of Industry 5.0 in the healthcare sector,also known as Healthcare 5.0—and its potential applications in thehealthcare sector are examined in this paper. Healthcare 5.0 makes useof cutting-edge technologies to revolutionise healthcare delivery,improve patient outcomes, and improve the healthcare experience as awhole. Industry 5.0 places a strong emphasis on the integration ofhumans, machines, and technology in the manufacturing industry. Thepaper discusses Healthcare 5.0’s potentials and opportunities,including personalised medicine, sophisticated diagnostics,telemedicine, and more patient-centric care, all of which are madepossible by the application of cutting-edge technologies like ArtificialIntelligence (AI), blockchain, big data analytics, and robotics. Thepaper also discusses the difficulties and problems that must be solvedfor Healthcare 5.0 to be implemented successfully, including datasecurity and privacy, ethical and legal issues, the need for appropriateskills and training for healthcare professionals, and cost-effectiveness.Index Terms—Industry 5.0, Healthcare, Artificial Intelligence,Blockchain, Cognitive Systems, Big Data Analytics, HumanCentric,SustainabilityI. INTRODUCTIONBuilding on the first four industrial revolutions [1], Industry5.0 is the most recent manufacturing and industrial sectorevolution. This idea emphasises the significance of humanskills and abilities in manufacturing and production processes.In the late 18th century, mechanisation and steam power gaverise to Industry 1.0, while the assembly line and massproduction was brought about by Industry 2.0 in the early 20thcentury. In the 1970s, industry 3.0 introduced the use ofcomputers and automation; in industry 4.0 [2, 23 and 24], theIndustrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Artificial Intelligence(AI) emerged along with the widespread adoption of data andconnectivity in the manufacturing sector. Since the firstIndustrial Revolution, advancements in manufacturing havemade manufacturing processes more complex, automatic, andsustainable so that machines can be operated, effectively, andpersistently