M2 Question 11 Mosasaurs were large marine reptiles that lived in the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million to 66 million years ago. Celina Suarez, Alberto PérezHuerta, and T. Lynn Harrell Jr. examined oxygen-18 isotopes in mosasaur tooth enamel in order to calculate likely mosasaur body temperatures and determined that mosasaurs were endothermic—that is, they used internal metabolic processes to maintain a stable body temperature in a variety of ambient temperatures. Suarez, Pérez-Huerta, and Harrell claim that endothermy would have enabled mosasaurs to include relatively cold polar waters in their range.11 Mark For ReviewWhich finding, if true, would most directly support Suarez, Pérez-Huerta, and Harrell’s claim? A) Mosasaurs’ likely body temperatures are easier to determine from tooth enamel oxygen-18 isotope data than the body temperatures of nonendothermic Late Cretaceous marine reptiles are. B) Fossils of both mosasaurs and nonendothermic marine reptiles have been found in roughly equal numbers in regions known to be near the poles during the Late Cretaceous, though in lower concentrations than elsewhere. C) Several mosasaur fossils have been found in regions known to be near the poles during the Late Cretaceous, while relatively few fossils of nonendothermic marine reptiles have been found in those locations. D) During the Late Cretaceous, seawater temperatures were likely higher throughout mosasaurs’ range, including near the poles, than seawater temperatures at those same latitudes are today.

Pterosaurs are an extinct group of flying reptiles thought to have evolved into modern birds. Modern birds are endothermic (warm-blooded), while modern reptiles are exothermic (cold-blooded). Because endothermic animals have higher metabolisms, they produce more metabolic byproducts, such as advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). Jasmina Wiemann and her colleagues claim that pterosaurs, like birds, were endothermic, unlike other reptiles. To determine whether pterosaurs were endothermic or exothermic, Wiemann and her team measured ALEs in the bones of fossilized pterosaur bones and compared them to similar measurements of modern birds and reptiles.Which finding, if true, would most directly support their claim?Pterosaur bones had levels of ALEs similar to those of modern reptiles.eliminatePterosaur bones had lower levels of ALEs than modern reptiles.eliminatedPterosaur bones had lower levels of ALEs than modern birds.eliminatedPterosaur bones had levels of ALEs similar to those of modern birds.

he following is popularly known as the age of dinosaurs: paleozoic mesozoic coenozoic none of the options

Herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs could grow morethan 100 feet long and weigh up to 80 tons, and someresearchers have attributed the evolution ofsauropods to such massive sizes to increased plantproduction resulting from high levels of atmosphericcarbon dioxide during the Mesozoic era. However,there is no evidence of significant spikes in carbondioxide levels coinciding with relevant periods insauropod evolution, such as when the first largesauropods appeared, when several sauropod lineagesunderwent further evolution toward gigantism, orwhen sauropods reached their maximum knownsizes, suggesting that _______Which choice most logically completes the text?A) fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxideaffected different sauropod lineages differently.B) the evolution of larger body sizes in sauropodsdid not depend on increased atmospheric carbondioxide.C) atmospheric carbon dioxide was higher when thelargest known sauropods lived than it was whenthe first sauropods appeared.D) sauropods probably would not have evolved tosuch immense sizes if atmospheric carbondioxide had been even slightly higher.

Many people consider paleontologists’ research interests to be largely -------, but in fact paleontology is not solely the study of dinosaurs but the study of ancient life. As such, paleontologists’ research can relate to anything older than 10,000 years and often includes fossils left behind not just from dinosaurs but also leaves, fungi, bacteria, pollen, and a range of mammals, birds, and fish.Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?uniformeliminatepeculiareliminateinexplicableeliminatediverseeliminateScratch BoardDo your scratch work hereClear00:19:17

For at least the first half of Cretaceous Period, atmospheric temperatures were A. about the same as they are today, and sea levels were also similar B. at least 8 degrees warmer than today, and sea levels were high C. cooler than today and sea levels were lower