Given the IP address and subnet mask combination of 192.168.8.9 255.255.255.248:i.show the last usable host address in this range in both binary and dotted decimal format

Sure, let's break this down:

1. First, we need to understand the subnet mask 255.255.255.248. In binary, this is represented as 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000. The number of bits set to 1 represents the network portion, and the number of bits set to 0 represents the host portion. In this case, we have 29 bits for the network and 3 bits for hosts.

2. The IP address 192.168.8.9 in binary is 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001001.

3. To find the network address, we perform a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask. This gives us the network address 192.168.8.8 (in binary: 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001000).

4. The last address in the subnet is the broadcast address. We find this by setting all host bits to 1. This gives us the address 192.168.8.15 (in binary: 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001111).

5. The last usable host address is one less than the broadcast address. So, the last usable host address is 192.168.8.14. In binary, this is 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001110.

So, the last usable host address in the range is 192.168.8.14 in dotted decimal format and 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001110 in binary format.

To find the last usable host address in the range, we first need to find the network address and the broadcast address.

Step 1: Convert the IP address and subnet mask to binary IP address (192.168.8.9) in binary: 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001001 Subnet mask (255.255.255.248) in binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000

Step 2: Perform a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask to get the network address Network address in binary: 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001000 Network address in dotted decimal: 192.168.8.8

Step 3: Find the broadcast address by changing all the host bits in the network address to 1's Broadcast address in binary: 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001111 Broadcast address in dotted decimal: 192.168.8.15

Step 4: The last usable host address is one less than the broadcast address Last usable host address in binary: 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001110 Last usable host address in dotted decimal: 192.168.8.14

So, the last usable host address in the range is 192.168.8.14 in dotted decimal format and 11000000.10101000.00001000.00001110 in binary format.