identify the difference between the emission line Spectrum and the absorption lines spectrum of hydrogen

The emission line spectrum and the absorption line spectrum are two different ways of looking at the same physical process: the interaction of light with atoms. Here's how they differ:

1. Emission Line Spectrum: This is produced when an atom absorbs energy, which causes its electrons to jump to higher energy levels. When the electrons return to their original energy levels, they emit light. This light forms a series of bright lines against a dark background, which is known as the emission line spectrum. Each line corresponds to a specific wavelength of light that is emitted, and the pattern of lines is unique to each element. For hydrogen, the emission line spectrum is known as the Balmer series.

2. Absorption Line Spectrum: This is produced when light of all wavelengths is passed through a cool gas. The atoms in the gas absorb specific wavelengths of light, which causes their electrons to jump to higher energy levels. This leaves dark lines in the spectrum at those wavelengths, which is known as the absorption line spectrum. Again, each line corresponds to a specific wavelength of light that is absorbed, and the pattern of lines is unique to each element. For hydrogen, the absorption line spectrum is known as the Lyman series.

In summary, the main difference between the two is that an emission line spectrum shows the wavelengths of light that are emitted by an atom, while an absorption line spectrum shows the wavelengths of light that are absorbed.