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Some measurements of the initial rate of a certain reaction are given in the table below.N2 H2 initial rate of reaction0.935M 1.66M /40.0Ms0.935M 0.484M /3.40Ms0.120M 1.66M /0.659MsUse this information to write a rate law for this reaction, and calculate the value of the rate constant k.Round your value for the rate constant to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

Question

Some measurements of the initial rate of a certain reaction are given in the table below.N2 H2 initial rate of reaction0.935M 1.66M /40.0Ms0.935M 0.484M /3.40Ms0.120M 1.66M /0.659MsUse this information to write a rate law for this reaction, and calculate the value of the rate constant k.Round your value for the rate constant to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

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Solution

Para determinar la ley de velocidad y la constante de velocidad k k para la reacción, primero necesitamos comparar las tasas iniciales de reacción con las concentraciones de los reactivos N2 \text{N}_2 y H2 \text{H}_2 .

La ley de velocidad general para una reacción de la forma aA+bBproductos aA + bB \rightarrow \text{productos} es: rate=k[A]m[B]n \text{rate} = k [A]^m [B]^n

Donde:

  • rate \text{rate} es la velocidad de la reacción.
  • k k es la constante de velocidad.
  • [A] [A] y [B] [B] son las concentraciones de los reactivos.
  • m m y n n son los órdenes de reacción respecto a A A y B B , respectivamente.

Dado el siguiente conjunto de datos:

[N2] [\text{N}_2] (M) [H2] [\text{H}_2] (M) Velocidad inicial (M/s)
0.935 1.66 40.0
0.935 0.484 3.40
0.120 1.66 0.659

Paso 1: Determinar el orden de reacción respecto a H2 \text{H}_2

Comparando los experimentos 1 y 2, donde la concentración de N2 \text{N}_2 es constante:

rate1rate2=k[N2]m[H2]nk[N2]m[H2]n \frac{\text{rate}_1}{\text{rate}_2} = \frac{k [\text{N}_2]^m [\text{H}_2]^n}{k [\text{N}_2]^m [\text{H}_2]^n}

40.03.40=(1.66)n(0.484)n \frac{40.0}{3.40} = \frac{(1.66)^n}{(0.484)^n}

11.76=(1.660.484)n 11.76 = \left( \frac{1.66}{0.484} \right)^n

11.76=3.43n 11.76 = 3.43^n

Tomando logaritmos en ambos lados:

log(11.76)=nlog(3.43) \log(11.76) = n \log(3.43)

n=log(11.76)log(3.43) n = \frac{\log(11.76)}{\log(3.43)}

n2 n \approx 2

Paso 2: Determinar el orden de reacción respecto a N2 \text{N}_2

Comparando los experimentos 1 y 3, donde la concentración de H2 \text{H}_2 es constante:

rate1rate3=k[N2]m[H2]nk[N2]m[H2]n \frac{\text{rate}_1}{\text{rate}_3} = \frac{k [\text{N}_2]^m [\text{H}_2]^n}{k [\text{N}_2]^m [\text{H}_2]^n}

40.00.659=(0.935)m(0.120)m \frac{40.0}{0.659} = \frac{(0.935)^m}{(0.120)^m}

60.7=(0.9350.120)m 60.7 = \left( \frac{0.935}{0.120} \right)^m

60.7=7.79m 60.7 = 7.79^m

Tomando logaritmos en ambos lados:

log(60.7)=mlog(7.79) \log(60.7) = m \log(7.79)

m=log(60.7)log(7.79) m = \frac{\log(60.7)}{\log(7.79)}

m2 m \approx 2

Paso 3: Escribir la ley de velocidad

La ley de velocidad es:

rate=k[N2]2[H2]2 \text{rate} = k [\text{N}_2]^2 [\text{H}_2]^2

Paso 4: Calcular la constante de velocidad k k

Usando los datos del primer experimento:

40.0=k(0.935)2(1.66)2 40.0 = k (0.935)^2 (1.66)^2

40.0=k(0.874)(2.76) 40.0 = k (0.874) (2.76)

40.0=k(2.41) 40.0 = k (2.41)

k=40.02.41 k = \frac{40.0}{2.41}

k16.6 k \approx 16.6

Paso 5: Determinar las unidades de k k

Dado que la reacción es de orden 4 (2 + 2):

rate=k[N2]2[H2]2 \text{rate} = k [\text{N}_2]^2 [\text{H}_2]^2

Las unidades de la velocidad son M/s \text{M/s} y las unidades de las concentraciones son M \text{M} . Por lo tanto, las unidades de k k deben ser:

M/s=k(M)4 \text{M/s} = k (\text{M})^4

k=M/sM4=M3s1 k = \frac{\text{M/s}}{\text{M}^4} = \text{M}^{-3} \text{s}^{-1}

Respuesta final

La ley de velocidad es:

rate=16.6M3s1[N2]2[H2]2 \text{rate} = 16.6 \, \text{M}^{-3} \text{s}^{-1} [\text{N}_2]^2 [\text{H}_2]^2

This problem has been solved

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