"Jill said that her biological relatives, grandmother, her grandmother’s sister, her mother, and her aunt were all heavy-drinkers, never treated."Re-read the quote above from Hammer et al (2012). Now answer this question:Which of the models of substance misuse - which we covered in the first reading this week – best reflects the role in this quote that families seem to be playing in the life of some of the substance misusers?Question 7Select one:The Moral ModelPsychological ModelsThe Public Health ModelFamily Systems Models

Another theory of substance misuse is that individuals (particularly adolescents) are modelling their substance use behaviour of their friends, and that when this behaviour increases in frequency when it receives positive comment or approval from their peer groups. Which theory or model of substance misuse best reflects this example? Question 4Select one:Social Learning TheoryThe Educational ModelThe Disease ModelThe Neurocognitive Model

An addiction treatment specialist is working with a client to reduce or eliminate the client’s dependence on alcohol. The specialist decides that a three-part approach is required that changes the clients risk-taking attitudes, substitutes high-strength beer with low-strength beer, and gets the client to forego their usual alcohol-friendly hang-outs in favour of family-oriented environments. Such an approach to addiction treatment reflects which model? Question 6Select one:The Biological ModelThe Moral ModelThe Public Health ModelThe Spiritual Model

Many of the theories of substance misuse outlined in Howard et al (2013) reflect common attitudes to drug use and drug users you may hear on the street or see on TV. One of the most dominant ideas in the mid-20th century was that people who became substance misusers or dependent users were actually very different people from everyone else. Under this notion 'normal' people could use drugs and were unlikely to sink into addiction. However, there were of a sub-set of people who have a natural predisposition toward addiction no matter what the substance and the only way to ensure this sub-set of the population does not become addicted is to ensure they simply don't use drugs.What Model of substance use does this notion reflect?Question 5Select one:The Public Health ModelThe Disease ModelThe Psychological ModelThe Temperance Model

Which of the following statements best reflects why we need to understand the theories/models of substance use underpinning the services available for those seeking help?Question 10Select one:a.So that we can differentiate services throughout our system for help seekers that reflect the level of treatment intervention that they might prefer (i.e., from Spiritual through to Public Health).b.So that we can more effectively finance support for those with substance-use issues using certain approaches that reflect low-cost, groups approaches (e.g., spiritual-based models).c.So that GPs and Practice Nurses are able to offer a wider range of interventions for help seekers at primary care in order to stop them reaching hospitals.d.So that we can focus our funding and efforts on supporting services that use evidence-based theories/model of substance misuse (i.e., they have data showing that they work) and that do not harm or stigmatise those seeking help.

In Howard et al (2013) the belief that a genetic predisposition is responsible for addiction - or at least plays a role in addiction - reflects three different models of addiction which are: Question 9Select one:The Psychological model, the Neurocognitive model and the Immunological ModelThe Disease Model, the Public Health Model and the Neurocognitive modelThe Disease Model, the Biological Model and the Public Health ModelThe Biological Model, the Psychological Model and the Neurocognitive model