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The intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth is 1,340 W/m2 when the temperature of the Sun is 5,800 K. If the temperature of the Sun decreased by 10.0%, then what would be the intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth

Question

The intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth is 1,340 W/m2 when the temperature of the Sun is 5,800 K. If the temperature of the Sun decreased by 10.0%, then what would be the intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth

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Solution

The intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, which states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body's temperature. Mathematically, this is represented as:

I = σT^4

where: I is the intensity, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (approximately 5.67 x 10^-8 W/m^2K^4), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Given that the initial temperature T1 is 5800 K and the initial intensity I1 is 1340 W/m^2, if the temperature decreases by 10%, the new temperature T2 would be 90% of T1, or 0.9 * 5800 = 5220 K.

Substituting these values into the Stefan-Boltzmann Law gives the new intensity I2:

I2 = σT2^4 I2 = 5.67 x 10^-8 * (5220)^4 I2 = 5.67 x 10^-8 * 7.4 x 10^13 I2 = 419.58 W/m^2

So, if the temperature of the Sun decreased by 10%, the intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth would be approximately 420 W/m^2.

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