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Four candidates, Harrison (H), Lennon (L), McCartney (M), and Starr (S), are running for regional manager. After the polls close, ranked ballots are tallied, and the results are summarized in the table.Number of Ballots Cast27 97 47 83 32 16 241st choice H L L M M S S2nd choice L M S L L H M3rd choice S H M H S L H4th choice M S H S H M L(a) How many votes were cast? votes(b) Use the plurality method of voting to determine the winner.HarrisonLennon    McCartneyStarr(c) What percent of the votes did the winner in part (b) receive? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) %(d) Use the instant runoff method to determine the winner.HarrisonLennon    McCartneyStarr

Question

Four candidates, Harrison (H), Lennon (L), McCartney (M), and Starr (S), are running for regional manager. After the polls close, ranked ballots are tallied, and the results are summarized in the table.Number of Ballots Cast27 97 47 83 32 16 241st choice H L L M M S S2nd choice L M S L L H M3rd choice S H M H S L H4th choice M S H S H M L(a) How many votes were cast? votes(b) Use the plurality method of voting to determine the winner.HarrisonLennon    McCartneyStarr(c) What percent of the votes did the winner in part (b) receive? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) %(d) Use the instant runoff method to determine the winner.HarrisonLennon    McCartneyStarr

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Solution

(a) Para determinar el número total de votos emitidos, sumamos el número de boletas en cada columna de la tabla:

27+97+47+83+32+16+24=326 27 + 97 + 47 + 83 + 32 + 16 + 24 = 326

Por lo tanto, el número total de votos emitidos es 326.

(b) Para determinar el ganador usando el método de pluralidad, contamos el número de veces que cada candidato es la primera opción en las boletas:

  • Harrison (H): 27
  • Lennon (L): 97 + 47 = 144
  • McCartney (M): 83 + 32 = 115
  • Starr (S): 16 + 24 = 40

El candidato con el mayor número de primeras opciones es Lennon (L) con 144 votos.

(c) Para calcular el porcentaje de votos que recibió el ganador en la parte (b), usamos la siguiente fórmula:

Porcentaje=(Nuˊmero de votos del ganadorNuˊmero total de votos)×100 \text{Porcentaje} = \left( \frac{\text{Número de votos del ganador}}{\text{Número total de votos}} \right) \times 100

Sustituyendo los valores:

Porcentaje=(144326)×10044.17% \text{Porcentaje} = \left( \frac{144}{326} \right) \times 100 \approx 44.17\%

Redondeando al número entero más cercano, el porcentaje es 44%.

(d) Para determinar el ganador usando el método de segunda vuelta instantánea, seguimos estos pasos:

  1. Contamos las primeras opciones:

    • Harrison (H): 27
    • Lennon (L): 144
    • McCartney (M): 115
    • Starr (S): 40
  2. Eliminamos al candidato con el menor número de primeras opciones (Starr) y redistribuimos sus votos según la segunda opción en esas boletas:

    • Las 16 boletas de Starr tienen a Harrison como segunda opción.
    • Las 24 boletas de Starr tienen a McCartney como segunda opción.

    Actualizamos el conteo:

    • Harrison (H): 27 + 16 = 43
    • Lennon (L): 144
    • McCartney (M): 115 + 24 = 139
  3. Eliminamos al siguiente candidato con el menor número de primeras opciones (Harrison) y redistribuimos sus votos según la segunda opción en esas boletas:

    • Las 27 boletas de Harrison tienen a Lennon como segunda opción.
    • Las 16 boletas de Starr que fueron a Harrison tienen a Lennon como tercera opción.

    Actualizamos el conteo:

    • Lennon (L): 144 + 27 + 16 = 187
    • McCartney (M): 139
  4. Ahora, Lennon tiene más votos que McCartney, por lo que Lennon es el ganador.

Por lo tanto, el ganador usando el método de segunda vuelta instantánea es Lennon.

This problem has been solved

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