GPA or SAT scores are used to determine a student's success in a higher education institution. This is an example of:a.Predictive validityb.Face validityc.Divergent validityd.Construct validity

The basic formula to calculate a student's GPA is the:A.addition of all grade points in completed courses divided by the number of classes completed.B.addition of all grade points in completed courses and subtraction of all uncompleted courses.C.multiplication of all grade points in completed classes and subtraction of all uncompleted courses.D.multiplication of all grade points in completed courses divided by the number of classes completed.

A(n) _____ GPA includes the additional grade points provided to a student for completing advanced, honors, dual enrollment, AP, or IB courses.A.cumulativeB.high schoolC.unweightedD.weighted

The SAT provides students with all of the following except:A.a map to career pathways.B.a connection to scholarship opportunities.C.knowledge of their academic strengths.D.the possibility of testing out of college courses.

Label each example with the type of validity with which it may have an issue.convergent validitycontent validityface validitydiscriminant validitycriterion validitySome colleges no longer require SAT or ACT scores. A major reason they have done this is because there is a low correlation between these scores and students’ first-year GPA.Santiago is a leading researcher on video game addiction. He finds that the items on a new survey on game addiction do not seem to assess game addiction in a reasonable way.Xia is creating a measure of conscientiousness. She wants to ensure that her scale doesn’t instead assess concern for social desirability.Karin is concerned because her new scale on extroversion does not correlate with a well-established extroversion scale.An online IQ test consists of the primary task of choosing the correct definitions for a series of words. Josiane, an authority on IQ, is concerned that it doesn’t test other things that are part of IQ, such as problem solving or visual-spatial ability.

Context: b) Two types of criterion validity: Predictive Validity: Predictive validity refers to the degree to which the operationalization can predict (or correlate with) other measures of the same construct that are measured at some point in the future. In other words, it measures how well the results of a test can predict future behavior or performance. For example, the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) has predictive validity if it accurately predicts how well high school students perform in college. Evaluation: Predictive validity is a strong type of validity because it can be quantitatively measured and statistically analyzed. However, it requires longitudinal studies that can be costly and time-consuming. Also, it may not take into account changes in the construct being measured over time. Concurrent Validity: Concurrent validity refers to the degree to which the operationalization correlates with other measures of the same construct that are measured at the same time. This means that the test results are compared with the results of other similar tests taken at the same time. For example, if a new test is developed to measure depression, it would have concurrent validity if its results match those of a clinically established depression test. Evaluation: Concurrent validity can be quickly evaluated as it does not require a time interval between tests. It is useful when it is not practical or ethical to wait for future results. However, it relies on existing measures that have been previously validated, and may not be as strong a measure of validity as predictive validity because it only measures the current situation, not future outcomes. (add at least two examples of each )answer it in english