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A block of mass m slides down from rest along a smooth hill of height 13 meters as shown.  After travelling for 120 meters on the flat bottom, the block rises up the smooth plateau of height 8 meters.  Find the speed of the block when it reaches the top of the plateau?

Question

A block of mass m slides down from rest along a smooth hill of height 13 meters as shown.  After travelling for 120 meters on the flat bottom, the block rises up the smooth plateau of height 8 meters.  Find the speed of the block when it reaches the top of the plateau?

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Solution

To solve this problem, we can use the principle of conservation of energy. This principle states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces act on it. In this case, the block is the system and we assume no external forces like friction or air resistance.

Step 1: Calculate the initial potential energy of the block at the top of the hill. The potential energy (PE) is given by the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the block, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height. Here, h = 13 m. So, PE = m * 9.8 * 13.

Step 2: As the block slides down the hill, it loses potential energy but gains kinetic energy. At the bottom of the hill, all the potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy (KE). The kinetic energy is given by the formula KE = 1/2 * m * v^2, where v is the velocity. So, at the bottom of the hill, m * 9.8 * 13 = 1/2 * m * v^2.

Step 3: Solve the above equation for v. We get v = sqrt(2 * 9.8 * 13).

Step 4: As the block travels along the flat bottom and up the plateau, it loses kinetic energy but gains potential energy. At the top of the plateau, all the kinetic energy has been converted back into potential energy. So, 1/2 * m * v^2 = m * 9.8 * 8.

Step 5: Solve the above equation for v. We get v = sqrt(2 * 9.8 * 8).

So, the speed of the block when it reaches the top of the plateau is sqrt(2 * 9.8 * 8) m/s.

This problem has been solved

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