The hemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) dissociation curve at high altitude (red) has a distinct shape from that at atmospheric pressure (black). Which of the following best explains the sigmoidal shape of the curves? A.Dissolved oxygen in the blood serves to increase pH.B.The primary structure of Hb is changed by oxygen binding.C.Dissolved oxygen forms a chain of atoms that binds more easily to Hb.D.Homotropic regulation by oxygen occurs.
Question
The hemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) dissociation curve at high altitude (red) has a distinct shape from that at atmospheric pressure (black). Which of the following best explains the sigmoidal shape of the curves? A.Dissolved oxygen in the blood serves to increase pH.B.The primary structure of Hb is changed by oxygen binding.C.Dissolved oxygen forms a chain of atoms that binds more easily to Hb.D.Homotropic regulation by oxygen occurs.
Solution
The sigmoidal shape of the hemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) dissociation curve is best explained by option D: Homotropic regulation by oxygen occurs.
Here's why:
Hemoglobin is a protein that can bind up to four molecules of oxygen. The binding of the first oxygen molecule is the hardest, but each subsequent binding is easier due to the change in shape of the hemoglobin molecule. This is known as cooperative binding, or homotropic regulation.
When the first oxygen molecule binds to hemoglobin, it induces a conformational (shape) change in the hemoglobin molecule that makes it easier for the next oxygen molecule to bind. This process continues for the binding of the third and fourth oxygen molecules.
This results in a sigmoidal (S-shaped) curve when the percent saturation of hemoglobin is plotted against the partial pressure of oxygen. At low oxygen pressures, hemoglobin has a low affinity for oxygen, but as the pressure increases, so does hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This is reflected in the steep part of the curve. At high oxygen pressures, the curve levels off, indicating that most of the hemoglobin molecules are saturated with oxygen.
Therefore, the sigmoidal shape of the Hb-O2 dissociation curve is a result of the homotropic regulation by oxygen.
Similar Questions
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