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The critical Mach number of an airfoil is attained when2 pointsThe Mach number somewhere on the airfoil is unityThe freestream Mach number is sonicThe freestream Mach number is supersonicThe Mach number everywhere on the airfoil is supersonic

Question

The critical Mach number of an airfoil is attained when2 pointsThe Mach number somewhere on the airfoil is unityThe freestream Mach number is sonicThe freestream Mach number is supersonicThe Mach number everywhere on the airfoil is supersonic

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Solution

The critical Mach number of an airfoil is attained when the Mach number somewhere on the airfoil is unity. This means that the speed of the airflow at some point on the airfoil surface has reached the speed of sound. This is a critical condition because it often leads to a sudden increase in drag, known as wave drag, and can also cause control issues due to changes in the pressure distribution around the airfoil.

The freestream Mach number being sonic or supersonic, or the Mach number everywhere on the airfoil being supersonic, are conditions that occur at or beyond the critical Mach number, but they are not the definition of the critical Mach number itself.

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