Which situation shows causation? A. When the number of hours worked each week by an hourly employee decreases, the amount of money earned by the employee also decreases. B. When the amount of a discount for a sale increases, the number of items sold during the sale decreases. C. When the number of people in a bus increases, the number of animals in a zoo also increases. D. When the number of bike trails in a city decreases, the amount of rainfall in the city increases.
Question
Which situation shows causation? A. When the number of hours worked each week by an hourly employee decreases, the amount of money earned by the employee also decreases. B. When the amount of a discount for a sale increases, the number of items sold during the sale decreases. C. When the number of people in a bus increases, the number of animals in a zoo also increases. D. When the number of bike trails in a city decreases, the amount of rainfall in the city increases.
Solution
The situation that shows causation is A. When the number of hours worked each week by an hourly employee decreases, the amount of money earned by the employee also decreases. This is because there is a direct relationship between the number of hours worked and the amount of money earned. If an employee works less, they will earn less. This is a cause-and-effect relationship, hence it shows causation. The other options do not necessarily show a cause-and-effect relationship. For example, the number of people in a bus increasing does not cause the number of animals in a zoo to increase (option C), and the number of bike trails in a city decreasing does not cause the amount of rainfall in the city to increase (option D). Similarly, an increase in the amount of a discount for a sale does not necessarily cause the number of items sold during the sale to decrease (option B). It could be that more items are sold because they are cheaper.
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