A radiologist is using an MRI to determine whether a tumor detected in a patient is malignant, but the results are ambiguous. Deciding that the danger of missing a true malignancy is greater than the upset caused by what might be a false positive diagnosis, the radiologist reports that the tumor is probably malignant and refers the patient to a specialist for further evaluation and treatment. In this example,Question 13Answera.the radiologist has adopted a conservative decision criterion.b.the radiologist’s decision criterion will depend on whether the tumor is later found to be malignant.c.the radiologist has adopted a neutral decision criterion.d.the radiologist has adopted a liberal decision criterion.
Question
A radiologist is using an MRI to determine whether a tumor detected in a patient is malignant, but the results are ambiguous. Deciding that the danger of missing a true malignancy is greater than the upset caused by what might be a false positive diagnosis, the radiologist reports that the tumor is probably malignant and refers the patient to a specialist for further evaluation and treatment. In this example,Question 13Answera.the radiologist has adopted a conservative decision criterion.b.the radiologist’s decision criterion will depend on whether the tumor is later found to be malignant.c.the radiologist has adopted a neutral decision criterion.d.the radiologist has adopted a liberal decision criterion.
Solution
The correct answer is d. the radiologist has adopted a liberal decision criterion. This is because the radiologist has chosen to err on the side of caution and assume the worst-case scenario (that the tumor is malignant) in order to avoid the potential risk of missing a true malignancy. This approach is considered 'liberal' because it prioritizes minimizing false negatives (i.e., incorrectly concluding the tumor is benign when it is actually malignant) over minimizing false positives (i.e., incorrectly concluding the tumor is malignant when it is actually benign).
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