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The numbers of students in the 7 schools in a district are given below.(Note that these are already ordered from least to greatest.)213, 220, 251, 252, 306, 320, 370Suppose that the number 213 from this list changes to 115. Answer the following.(a)   What happens to the mean? It decreases by.It increases by.It stays the same.(b)   What happens to the median? It decreases by.It increases by.It stays the same.

Question

The numbers of students in the 7 schools in a district are given below.(Note that these are already ordered from least to greatest.)213, 220, 251, 252, 306, 320, 370Suppose that the number 213 from this list changes to 115. Answer the following.(a)   What happens to the mean? It decreases by.It increases by.It stays the same.(b)   What happens to the median? It decreases by.It increases by.It stays the same.

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Solution 1

(a) The mean decreases. When a number in a data set is replaced by a smaller number, the total sum of the data set decreases, which in turn decreases the mean.

To calculate by how much the mean decreases, we first find the original mean:

(213 + 220 + 251 + 252 + 306 + 320 + 370) / 7 = 263.14

Then we find the new mean after the number 213 changes to 115:

(115 + 220 + 251 + 252 + 306 + 320 + 370) / 7 = 247.57

So, the mean decreases by 263.14 - 247.57 = 15.57.

(b) The median stays the same. The median is the middle number in an ordered data set. Since the data set has 7 numbers, the median is the 4th number, which is 252. Changing the first number from 213 to 115 does not affect the position or value of the median, so the median stays the same.

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Solution 2

(a) The mean decreases. When a number in a data set is replaced by a smaller number, the total sum of the data set decreases. Since the mean is the sum of the data set divided by the number of data points, a decrease in the total sum will result in a decrease in the mean.

(b) The median stays the same. The median is the middle number in an ordered data set. In this case, the median is 251, which is the fourth number in the list. Changing the first number from 213 to 115 does not affect the position or value of the median, so the median stays the same.

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