On the Spot courier services grew and changed over the years. At first, Bill received requests forpackage pickups on his mobile phone, recorded that information in a log, and would then drivearound to retrieve all the packages later in the day. However, he soon discovered that with anotherdriver, it was difficult to coordinate pickups between the two of them from his van. It was not longbefore he reorganized his business and turned the warehouse employee into a driver. Then, hestayed in the warehouse himself, and his two employees made all the pickups and deliveries. Thisworked well because he could control and coordinate the pickups and deliveries better. It was alsoeasier for him to receive pickup requests working at a desk rather than trying to do it while driving adelivery van.As he thought about how his business was growing and the services he provided to his customers,Bill began to itemize the kinds of information he would need to maintain.Of course, he needed to maintain information about his customers. Some of his customers werebusinesses; some were individuals. He needed to have basic address and contact information forevery customer. Also, for his corporate customers, he needed to identify a primary contact person. Itwas mostly his corporate customers who wanted to receive monthly statements listing all theirshipments during the month and the total cost. Bill needed to distinguish which customers paid cashand which wanted monthly statements. In fact, for those who paid monthly, he needed to keep arunning account of such things as when they were last billed, when they paid, and any outstandingbalances. Finally, when payments were received, either for individual shipments or from monthlyinvoices, he needed to record information about the payment: type of payment, date, and amount.Although this was not a sophisticated billing and payment system, Bill thought it would suffice for hisneeds.Next, he started thinking about his packages and shipments. At the time that a request for a pickupcame in, he needed to keep track of it as some type of delivery request or delivery order. At thatpoint in time, Bill mostly needed to know who the customer was, where the pickup location was,3/3ITECH2002 - Systems Modellingand what date and time the package(s) would be ready for pickup. He also recorded the date andtime that he received the order. A delivery order was considered “open” until the delivery vanarrived at the pickup location and the packages were all retrieved. At that point, the delivery orderwas satisfied.Once the packages were retrieved, each package needed to be uniquely identified. Bill needed toknow when it was picked up and which delivery person picked it up. Other important informationwas the “deliver to” entity name and the address. He also needed to identify the type of delivery.Some packages were high priority, requiring same-day delivery. Others were overnight. Of course,the weight and cost were recorded so the customer could either pay or have it added to the monthlyinvoice.In the courier and delivery business, one of the most important information requirements is the dateand time stamp. For each package, it is important to know when it was picked up, when it arrived atthe warehouse, when it went back out on the delivery run, and when it was delivered. Whenpossible, it is also important to have names associated with each of these events.Question 3.Using the noun technique, read through this case and identify all the nouns that may be importantfor this system. You may also find it helpful to read back through the case descriptions in theprevious chapters.

Recall the On the Spot courier service introduced in Chapter 2 (Week 2 Tutorial case study). The details of the package pickup and delivery process are described here. When Bill got an order, only on his phone at first, he recorded when he received the call and when the shipment would be ready for pickup. Sometimes, customers wanted immediate pickup; sometimes, they were calling to schedule a later time in the day for pickup. Once he arrived at the pickup location, Bill collected the packages. It was not uncommon for the customer to have several packages for delivery. In addition to the name and address of the delivery location, he also recorded the time of pickup. He noted the desired delivery time, the location of the delivery, and the weight of the package to determine the courier cost. When he picked up the package, he printed out a label with his portable printer that he kept in the delivery van. At first, Bill required customers to pay at the time of pickup, but he soon discovered that there were some regular customers who preferred to receive a monthly bill for all their shipments. He wanted to be able to accommodate those customers. Bills were due and payable upon receipt. To help keep track of all the packages, Bill decided that he needed to scan each package as it was sorted in the warehouse. This would enable him to keep good control of his packages and avoid loss or delays. 4/4 ITECH2002 - Systems Modelling The delivery of a package was fairly simple. Upon delivery, he would record information about when the delivery was made and who received it. Because some of the packages were valuable, it was necessary in those instances to have someone sign for the package upon delivery. Question 8. From this description as well as the information from Chapter 2 (week 2 tutorial case study), identify all the actors who will be using the system. Question 9. Using the actors who you identified in question 9, develop a list of use cases based on the user goal technique. Draw a use case diagram for these use cases. Question 10. Using the event decomposition technique for each event you identify in the description here, name the event, state the type of event, and name the resulting use case

Introduction:As a logistics engineer for an e-commerce consolidation company, you are now taskedwith implementing a self-pickup service. This service will utilize cargo vans/trucks,allowing customers to pick up their orders. The transportation team is responsible forparking these trucks at various points throughout Hong Kong. Your role is to determinethe optimal parking locations for these self-pickup trucks. The goal is to maximizecustomer convenience, which is achieved by minimizing the travel distances betweencustomers and the parked trucks. In this assignment, you are going to learn how todetermine the location of self-pickup trucks to serve customers, and the add-in function,namely Solver in MS Excel, will be used to assist in the optimization process. Overall,there are two major tasks as follows:A. Section 1: You are required to follow the instructions to build the solver about thelocation optimization of self-pickup trucks to minimize the total travelling distancebetween trucks and customers.B. Section 2: You are required to build the mathematical model for the advancedlocation optimization problem with the demand and truck capacity considerations.By solving the above optimization problems, it is expected to obtain the locations (i.e.coordinates) of three self-pickup trucks. Thus, the optimal and clear instructions to thetransportation team can be made.Distance Calculations:Distance measurement is an important issue in this assignment, which can be used tocalculate the distance between two points. In this assignment, the Manhattan Distanceis applied to measure the distance between locations of customers and trucks.Equation of the Manhattan Distance:𝐷(𝐴, 𝐵) = |𝐴𝑥 − 𝐵𝑥| + |𝐴𝑦 − 𝐵𝑦|Section 1: A Self-Learning ExampleYou are required to determine the optimal locations of THREE self-pickup trucks sothey can effectively serve 30 customers. The decision is solely based on the Manhattandistance, and therefore, the appropriate locations to park the trucks can be obtainedwhile the overall travelling distance between customers and trucks can be minimized.You should also notice that self-pickup trucks should evenly share the number ofcustomers, and you have to determine which customers should be associated with thespecific self-pickup trucks. In order to build the above optimization problem, the site ismapped into a 50x50 grid, and the corresponding locations of the 30 customers to beserved are shown in Table 1(a). The truck locations are shown in Table 1(b).A = (Ax, Ay)B = (Bx, By)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Industrial & Systems Engineering2/6Table 1(a). List of customer locationsCustomer Location Customer Location Customer LocationX Y X Y X YC1 1 3 C11 16 12 C21 31 25C2 2 35 C12 17 32 C22 31 35C3 5 5 C13 18 17 C23 31 44C4 5 47 C14 21 33 C24 37 42C5 5 17 C15 22 12 C25 38 6C6 9 5 C16 24 27 C26 42 41C7 10 19 C17 24 8 C27 42 49C8 11 43 C18 27 37 C28 42 7C9 13 25 C19 28 12 C29 47 26C10 15 45 C20 29 8 C30 49 8Table 1(b). List of truck locationsSelf-pickupTruckLocationX YTruck A 1 1Truck B 10 10Truck C 20 20Mathematical Model:Min. ∑ ∑ [(|𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑘| + |𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦𝑘|) ∙ 𝑧𝑖𝑘]3𝑘=130𝑖=1(1)Subject to:∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑘3𝑘=1= 1, ∀𝑖 (2)∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑘30𝑖=1= 303 = 10, ∀𝑘 (3)0 ≤ 𝑥𝑘, 𝑦𝑘 ≤ 50 (4)𝑧𝑖𝑘 ∈ {0, 1} (5)(𝑥𝑖, 𝑦𝑖) denotes the coordinates of customers 𝑖 = {C1, … , C30}, while (𝑥𝑘, 𝑦𝑘) are thedecision variables representing the coordinates of trucks 𝑘 ={Truck A, Truck B, Truck C} , referred to Equation (4). Moreover, 𝑧𝑖𝑘 is a binarydecision variable, representing the assignment of truck 𝑘 to customer 𝑖, referred toEquation (5).Overall, Equation (1) is the objective function of this optimization problem to minimizethe total travelling distance between trucks and customers. Equation (2) restricts thateach customer is handled by only one truck. Equation (3) ensures the equal number ofcustomers assigned to each truck. Equation (4) limits the coordinate of trucks withinthe 50*50 grid. Equation (5) is the binary constraint for the truck assignment20:42Section 2: Exercise (7.5%)In the second case, the constrains of customer demand and truck capacity are furtherconsidered to make the scenario more practical. Hence, capacities of these 3 self-pickuptrucks are given on Table 2(a) and the locations and demands of 30 customers areshown on Table 2(b). You are required to solve the below optimization problem byusing MS Excel Solver to provide instruction to the transportation team.Table 2(a). List of truck locationsSelf-pickupTruckLocation Capacity(in kg)X YTruck A 1 1 50Truck B 10 10 80Truck C 20 20 80Total = 210 kgTable 2(b). List of customer locationsCustomer Location Demand(in kg) Customer Location Demand(in kg) Customer Location Demand(in kg)X Y X Y X YC1 1 3 4.5 C11 16 12 7.5 C21 31 25 2C2 2 35 5 C12 17 32 6.5 C22 31 35 5C3 5 5 8 C13 18 17 5 C23 31 44 8C4 5 47 6.5 C14 21 33 7.5 C24 37 42 6.5C5 5 17 6.5 C15 22 12 8 C25 38 6 4.5C6 9 5 4.5 C16 24 27 9.5 C26 42 41 5.5C7 10 19 7.5 C17 24 8 7.5 C27 42 49 8C8 11 43 8 C18 27 37 9.5 C28 42 7 7.5C9 13 25 7.5 C19 28 12 4.5 C29 47 26 4.5C10 15 45 5 C20 29 8 9.5 C30 49 8 6.5Report preparation (in Word):1. The mathematical model of the above problem with descriptions2. Screen captures of your settings in (i) Excel sheet(s) and (ii) Solver withdescriptions3. Visualization of (i) the optimal truck locations with customer locations and (ii)optimal total travelling distanceSubmit your report about the above tasks in ONE file in .doc/.docx/.pdf. Pleasename the file with your student ID, e.g. 12345678d-ASM1.doc/.docx/.pdf.Submission Deadline: The end of the day of 29 September 2023 (Week 4)

Conclusion From the findings above conclusion below was drawn; Findings revealed that Sif Cargo employs different technology tools for instance tracking the movement and location of their vehicles, to improve customer service through accurate delivery times and real-time tracking information, to monitor their fleet in real-time, technology that facilitates faster transactions and supply chain collaboration, facilitates customs clearance documents and information are shared electronically, enables seamless electronic communication between businesses, to monitor the movement of cargo in real-time, to provide accurate delivery estimates of cargo to its clients and to improve the security of the supply chain. Findings revealed that the Sif Cargo’s revenues have increased over time, the market share percentage Sif Cargo has gone up, the number of customers has increased by a certain percentage at Sif Cargo, the organization's profitability has increased, the sales of Sif Cargo have seen a percentage increase and there is a higher demand for our services. Finally findings revealed a strong positive relationship between technology and organizational performance as revealed by the Pearson’s Rank Correlation Coefficient which gave a coefficient of .839. This points to the fact that with more efforts put in adopting new technology, their performance will be boosted. Provide recommendations to the study basing on the above conclusion. Outline areas for Further Research

Conclusion From the findings above conclusion below was drawn; Findings revealed that Sif Cargo employs different technology tools for instance tracking the movement and location of their vehicles, to improve customer service through accurate delivery times and real-time tracking information, to monitor their fleet in real-time, technology that facilitates faster transactions and supply chain collaboration, facilitates customs clearance documents and information are shared electronically, enables seamless electronic communication between businesses, to monitor the movement of cargo in real-time, to provide accurate delivery estimates of cargo to its clients and to improve the security of the supply chain. Findings revealed that the Sif Cargo’s revenues have increased over time, the market share percentage Sif Cargo has gone up, the number of customers has increased by a certain percentage at Sif Cargo, the organization's profitability has increased, the sales of Sif Cargo have seen a percentage increase and there is a higher demand for our services. Finally findings revealed a strong positive relationship between technology and organizational performance as revealed by the Pearson’s Rank Correlation Coefficient which gave a coefficient of .839. This points to the fact that with more efforts put in adopting new technology, their performance will be boosted. Provide recommendations to the study basing on the above conclusion

Within GBI, Sergey Petrov (the Warehouse Employee) is tasked with Pick/Pack and Ship, while Sandeep Das (the Warehouse Manager) is responsible for Posting the Delivery Record. Based on this information alone, which statement is most correct regarding this allocation of duties:Group of answer choicesThe allocation provides a segregation of duties between the person handling inventory and the person maintaining the inventory records, therefore, it is an effective control.Sergey and Sandeep can collude to steal bikes from the warehouse and adjust the records to cover it up, therefore, it is an ineffective control.We cannot assess the effectiveness of this control without a better understanding of the actual (physical) pick, pack and ship process.Both Sergey and Sandeep are in the warehouse, therefore, the separation of tasks has no impact on the effectiveness of controls.