Measurements show that the enthalpy of a mixture of gaseous reactants decreases by 293.kJ during a certain chemical reaction, which is carried out at a constant pressure. Furthermore, by carefully monitoring the volume change it is determined that 71.kJ of work is done on the mixture during the reaction.Calculate the change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. kJIs the reaction exothermic or endothermic? exothermicendothermic
Question
Measurements show that the enthalpy of a mixture of gaseous reactants decreases by 293.kJ during a certain chemical reaction, which is carried out at a constant pressure. Furthermore, by carefully monitoring the volume change it is determined that 71.kJ of work is done on the mixture during the reaction.Calculate the change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. kJIs the reaction exothermic or endothermic? exothermicendothermic
Solution
The change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction can be calculated using the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system is equal to the heat added to the system (q) minus the work done by the system (w). In a constant pressure process, the heat added to the system is equal to the change in enthalpy (ΔH). Therefore, the equation becomes:
ΔU = ΔH - w
Given that ΔH = -293 kJ (the negative sign indicates that heat is released, i.e., the reaction is exothermic) and w = 71 kJ (the positive sign indicates that work is done on the system), we can substitute these values into the equation:
ΔU = -293 kJ - 71 kJ = -364 kJ
Therefore, the change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction is -364 kJ. The negative sign indicates that the internal energy of the system decreases, which is consistent with an exothermic reaction. Therefore, the reaction is exothermic.
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