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An 18-month-old infant presents with a diffuse rash that has worsened over the past 24 hours. His mother reports that he has been lethargic with a decreased appetite. The child is otherwise healthy, but did have symptoms consistent with an upper respiratory infection a few weeks prior to the onset of the rash. Physical examination reveals an afebrile infant. Which of the following is the most common cause of this condition?

Question

An 18-month-old infant presents with a diffuse rash that has worsened over the past 24 hours. His mother reports that he has been lethargic with a decreased appetite. The child is otherwise healthy, but did have symptoms consistent with an upper respiratory infection a few weeks prior to the onset of the rash. Physical examination reveals an afebrile infant. Which of the following is the most common cause of this condition?

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Solution

The description provided suggests that the infant may be suffering from Roseola, also known as sixth disease. This condition is most commonly caused by the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). It often starts with a sudden high fever followed by a distinctive skin rash as the fever decreases. Other symptoms can include upper respiratory symptoms, decreased appetite, and lethargy. It is most common in infants and young children and is usually mild.

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