Read the passage and answer the following questions WITH NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/ OR NUMBERS.A bench grinder can be used to grind, cut or shape metal. You can use the machine to grind down sharp edges or smooth burrs off metal. You can also use a bench grinder to sharpen metal pieces -- for example, lawnmower blades.Turning on the GrinderPerform a safety check before turning the grinder on.Make sure the grinder is tightly secured to the bench.Check that the tool rest is in place on the grinder. The tool rest is where the metal item will rest as you grind it. The rest should be secured in place so there is a 1/8 inch space between it and the grinding wheel.Clear the area around the grinder of objects and debris. There should be enough space to easily push the piece of metal you are working with back and forth on the grinder.Fill a pot with water and place it near the metal grinder so you can cool off any metal that gets too hot while you grind it.Protect yourself from flying metal sparks. Wear safety glasses, steeled toed shoes (or at least no open-toe shoes), ear plugs or muffs and a face mask to protect yourself from grinding dust.Turn the bench grinder on. Stand to the side until the grinder reaches maximum speed.Work the piece of metal. Move so you are directly in front of the grinder. Holding the metal tightly in both hands, place it on the tool rest and slowly push it towards the grinder until it touches the edge only. Do not allow the metal to touch the sides of the grinder at any time.Dip the piece in the water pot to cool the metal.To cool the metal off after or during grinding, dip it into a bucket or pot of water. Keep your face away from the pot to avoid the steam created by the hot metal hitting the cooler water.What does a bench grinder sharpen? How many steps do the engineers have to follow when switch on the grinder? How is the space between the tool rest and the grinding wheel? What should be placed near the metal grinder while being ground? Why do the engineers have to keep their face away from the pot?

Plane Irons: The blades of hand planes, known as plane irons, can also be sharpened effectively on a bench grinder. This ensures smooth and accurate planing of wood surfaces.

Read the text and fill in the blanks WITH ONLY ONE WORD.Machining and CNCMaching is the use of machines to cut pieces of material (called workpiece) and shape them into components. The tools used in machining, to make holes, grooves, threads, etc., are called machine tools. Metal is often machined. As it is cut, waste is produced, called swaft or chips. During machining, a liquid called cutting fluid may be pumped onto the workpiece to act as a coolant, keeping the workpiece cool. In manufacturing, machining is usually guided by computers called computer numerical control (CNC) systems. Often, design information ( on shapes and sizes of components) is fed directly into CNC systems from computer aided design/ computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software.Machining with cutting toolsMilling is cutting done by a milling machine, often using toothed cutting discs ( wheel with teeth that have sharp edges). When a workpiece is milled, it is held in a fix position on the machine, and is shaped by cutting tools which rotate (spin) while being moved over the surface of the workpiece.Turning is a technique for cutting components that have a circular cross-section. The workpiece is turned by a machine called a lathe, which rotates the workpiece. A fixed machine tool is then moved against the rotating worpiece to cut material from it.Punching: Thin materials can be cut by applying pressure in order to shear them- that is, cut them with scissoring force ( in engineering, called a shear force). Small shapes, such as circles, can be sheared from sheets using a machine called a punch which pushes a die ( a shaped tool) through the sheet.1. The waste metal produces during machining is called 2. Metal gets hot during cutting, so cutting fluid can be used as a .3. Drawings can be produced and traferred to the machining process using .4. A milling machine uses toothed cutting discs to mill a held in a fix position on the machine.5. Turning means cutting components that have a circular cross-section. A lathe is used to turn and the workpiece.

Face Milling: Face milling is a milling process used to create flat surfaces on the workpiece. A milling cutter with teeth on its face removes material in a horizontal motion, resulting in a flat and smooth surface

What effect of the cutting tool causes burr formation?POSSIBLE ANSWERS:FatigueElastic deformationPlastic deformationFracture

Computerized work standards :  One of the problems with operating a metal cutting machine tool is determining the speeds and feeds that should be used for a given operation. Computer programs are available to recommend the appropriate cutting conditions for different materials and operations (e.g., turning, milling, drilling).*1 pointtruefalseOther: