Accepted: 20 February 2024Published: 22 February 2024Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access articledistributed under the terms andconditions of the Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).future internetArticleThe Future of Healthcare with Industry 5.0: PreliminaryInterview-Based Qualitative AnalysisJuliana Basulo-Ribeiro and Leonor Teixeira *Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), Institute of Electronicsand Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected]* Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234370361Abstract: With the advent of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), healthcare is undergoing a profound transformation,integrating human capabilities with advanced technologies to promote a patient-centered, efficient,and empathetic healthcare ecosystem. This study aims to examine the effects of Industry 5.0 onhealthcare, emphasizing the synergy between human experience and technology. To this end,6 specific objectives were found, which were answered in the results through an empirical studybased on interviews with 11 healthcare professionals. This article thus outlines strategic and policyguidelines for the integration of I5.0 in healthcare, advocating policy-driven change, and contributesto the literature by offering a solid theoretical basis on I5.0 and its impact on the healthcare sector.Keywords: Industry 5.0; technological innovation; digital health; generation Z; digital transformation1. IntroductionAs we enter a new era defined by Industry 5.0 (I5.0), we witness a symbiosis betweenhuman capabilities and technological innovations, reshaping the healthcare ecosystem onan unprecedented scale [1 ,2 ]. The importance of this topic lies in its ability to radicallytransform not just the existing healthcare systems but also to fundamentally reinvent thehealthcare model [1, 3]. As mentioned by Gomathi and Mishra [4], “Industry 5.0 is predictedto revolutionize the healthcare sector”.This way, the concept of “Industry 5.0” is gaining traction as a model that blendstechnology, machinery, and human input, being an evolution of Industry 4.0. This ap-proach (I5.0) is increasingly relevant to the healthcare industry as well, where it is knownas “Healthcare 5.0”. It introduces a paradigm where technology not only supports butamplifies human competence, promoting unprecedented collaboration between doctors,patients, and machines. In this context, Healthcare 5.0 leverages advanced technologies totransform patient care, healthcare services, technologists, and the overall patient experience,bringing significant benefits to the healthcare sector [2–6].The I5.0 revolution advocates for the actualization of sustainable practices and theharmonization of technology with human values and is viewed as a progressive stridetoward fulfilling sustainable development goals [ 5, 7]. The Sustainable Development Goalsare “an integrated framework of human, social, and environmental development objec-tives that include 17 goals” [ 8 ]. I5.0 in healthcare carries the transformative potential toadvance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 3, which focuses onensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages [ 9]. By integrating smarttechnologies, I5.0 can revolutionize patient care, making health services more accessible andpersonalized, thereby directly contributing to the goal’s fulfillment [1 ]. The ripple effectsof such advancements also help in achieving SDG 8, as I5.0 technologies can create newjob opportunities and promote sustained, inclusive economic growth within the differentsectors, among which the healthcare sector is included [ 9, 10 ]. The impact of I5.0 on healthwithin the framework of SDG9 is addressed through an emphasis on collaboration between

The Future of Healthcare with Industry 5.0: PreliminaryInterview-Based Qualitative AnalysisJuliana Basulo-Ribeiro and Leonor Teixeira *Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), Institute of Electronicsand Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University ofAveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected]* Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234370361Abstract: With the advent of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), healthcare is undergoing a profound transformation,integrating human capabilities with advanced technologies to promote a patient-centered, efficient,and empathetic healthcare ecosystem. This study aims to examine the effects of Industry 5.0 onhealthcare, emphasizing the synergy between human experience and technology. To this end,6 specific objectives were found, which were answered in the results through an empirical studybased on interviews with 11 healthcare professionals. This article thus outlines strategic and policyguidelines for the integration of I5.0 in healthcare, advocating policy-driven change, and contributesto the literature by offering a solid theoretical basis on I5.0 and its impact on the healthcare sector.Keywords: Industry 5.0; technological innovation; digital health; generation Z; digital transformation1. IntroductionAs we enter a new era defined by Industry 5.0 (I5.0), we witness a symbiosis betweenhuman capabilities and technological innovations, reshaping the healthcare ecosystem onan unprecedented scale [1 ,2 ]. The importance of this topic lies in its ability to radicallytransform not just the existing healthcare systems but also to fundamentally reinvent thehealthcare model [1, 3]. As mentioned by Gomathi and Mishra [4], “Industry 5.0 is predictedto revolutionize the healthcare sector”.This way, the concept of “Industry 5.0” is gaining traction as a model that blendstechnology, machinery, and human input, being an evolution of Industry 4.0. This ap-proach (I5.0) is increasingly relevant to the healthcare industry as well, where it is knownas “Healthcare 5.0”. It introduces a paradigm where technology not only supports butamplifies human competence, promoting unprecedented collaboration between doctors,patients, and machines. In this context, Healthcare 5.0 leverages advanced technologies totransform patient care, healthcare services, technologists, and the overall patient experience,bringing significant benefits to the healthcare sector [2–6].The I5.0 revolution advocates for the actualization of sustainable practices and theharmonization of technology with human values and is viewed as a progressive stridetoward fulfilling sustainable development goals [ 5, 7]. The Sustainable Development Goalsare “an integrated framework of human, social, and environmental development objec-tives that include 17 goals” [ 8 ]. I5.0 in healthcare carries the transformative potential toadvance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 3, which focuses onensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages [ 9]. By integrating smarttechnologies, I5.0 can revolutionize patient care, making health services more accessible andpersonalized, thereby directly contributing to the goal’s fulfillment [1 ]. The ripple effectsof such advancements also help in achieving SDG 8, as I5.0 technologies can create newjob opportunities and promote sustained, inclusive economic growth within the differentsectors, among which the healthcare sector is included [ 9, 10 ]. The impact of I5.0 on healthwithin the framework of SDG9 is addressed through an emphasis on collaboration betweenFuture Internet 2024, 16, 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16030068 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet

Healthcare 4.0: Trends, Challenges and BenefitsFull PaperMati Ur RehmanSchool of BusinessSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne, AustraliaEmail: [email protected] Eslami AndargoliSchool of BusinessSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne, AustraliaEmail: [email protected] PoustiSchool of BusinessSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne, AustraliaEmail: [email protected] Fourth Industry Revolution, known as Industry 4.0, refers to the forces that are transformingindustry, including the healthcare industry, where it has been termed Healthcare 4.0. Though laggingother industries in the adoption of new innovative technologies, the healthcare industry is embracingthe potential benefits that arise from new innovative technologies. New trends revealed both in theacademic literature and by industry practice show that researchers and practitioners are becoming moreaware of the benefits technology can bring to an industry as complex as the healthcare industry. Theobject of the study is to identify the challenges, trends and gaps in the existing body of research withregard to Healthcare 4.0. In this study, a systematic literature review on Healthcare 4.0 research paperswas conducted to identify trends, challenges and the perceived benefits that may arise from it. This paperfound that there is a need to conduct more empirical studies in this area. It, further, identified the needto implement practical procedures in the industry to get feedback from patients and healthcareparticipants in order to promote the adoption of new Healthcare 4.0 technologies.Keywords: Health 4.0, Industry 4.0, healthcareAustralasian Conference on Information Systems Rehman, Andargoli & Pousti2019, Perth Western Australia Healthcare 4.05571 INTRODUCTIONIndustry 4.0 is changing all segments of the industry (Pang et al. 2018). Starting mainly with a focus onthe manufacturing sector, it is now affecting other industries, such as healthcare, where it has beencalled Healthcare 4.0 (Chung and Kim 2016). The research was conducted using a systematic literaturereview of healthcare research articles to identify the trends, challenges, and perceived benefits inHealthcare 4.0.The healthcare industry has already experienced several waves of technological change, starting withHealthcare 1.0, where doctors kept patient records manually (Hathaliya et al. 2019). Healthcare 2.0followed, where paper-based manual records were replaced by electronic record (Hathaliya et al. 2019).Healthcare 3.0 advanced to the point where wearable devices were introduced (Hathaliya et al. 2019).The key technological characteristic that individuates Healthcare 4.0 from its predecessors is that a largenumber of devices of varying types communicate with each other (a) to monitor a patient’s health and(b) to conduct other health-related activities driven by Internet of Things (IoT) , Cyber-physical Systems(CPS) and Internet of Services (Chung and Kim 2016). Pang et al. (2018) defines Healthcare 4.0 as acombined application of IOT, artificial intelligence, robotic, and intelligent sensing in healthcare inorder to transform its value chain. It aims at digitising healthcare enterprise and services. Therefore, inthis paper we aim to highlight the implication of this technology for the practice and delivery ofhealthcare services.2 METHODOLOGYThis paper follows the six step approach of Mathiassen et al. (2004) for conducting a systematicliterature review. Firstly, four academic databases, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Sciencewere selected, and then two search categories were used to search them. One focusing on Health andrelated terms, such as ‘Healthcare OR Clinics OR Hospitals OR Pharmacy; and the other focusing onIndustry 4.0 concepts, such as Industry 4.0 OR Healthcare 4.0 OR Care 4.0. Then, after having scannedeach article’s title and abstract, the researchers chose a data set of relevant for a full text review. Then,other relevant articles selected from the reference list of chosen articles in pervious step.The search covered papers published in English to July 2019, which were then filtered according tosteps: (1) duplicates were removed; (2) books, book chapters, and conference papers were eitherremoved or filtered based on their abstract and title; and (3) all the remaining papers were read in detailto identify those papers which focused on Health 4.0. The research process flow is shown in Figure 1

Barriers and facilitators to utilizing digital health technologiesby healthcare professionalsIsrael Júnior Borges do Nascimento 1,2 , Hebatullah Abdulazeem 3 , Lenny Thinagaran Vasanthan 4 , Edson Zangiacomi Martinez 5 ,Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto 5 , Lasse Østengaard 6 , Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat 1 , Tomas Zapata 1 and David Novillo-Ortiz 1 ✉Digital technologies change the healthcare environment, with several studies suggesting barriers and facilitators to using digitalinterventions by healthcare professionals (HPs). We consolidated the evidence from existing systematic reviews mentioning barriersand facilitators for the use of digital health technologies by HP. Electronic searches were performed in five databases (CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews, Embase®, Epistemonikos, MEDLINE®, and Scopus) from inception to March 2023. We includedreviews that reported barriers or facilitators factors to use technology solutions among HP. We performed data abstraction,methodological assessment, and certainty of the evidence appraisal by at least two authors. Overall, we included 108 reviewsinvolving physicians, pharmacists, and nurses were included. High-quality evidence suggested that infrastructure and technicalbarriers (Relative Frequency Occurrence [RFO] 6.4% [95% CI 2.9–14.1]), psychological and personal issues (RFO 5.3% [95% CI2.2–12.7]), and concerns of increasing working hours or workload (RFO 3.9% [95% CI 1.5–10.1]) were common concerns reported byHPs. Likewise, high-quality evidence supports that training/educational programs, multisector incentives, and the perception oftechnology effectiveness facilitate the adoption of digital technologies by HPs (RFO 3.8% [95% CI 1.8–7.9]). Our findings showedthat infrastructure and technical issues, psychological barriers, and workload-related concerns are relevant barriers tocomprehensively and holistically adopting digital health technologies by HPs. Conversely, deploying training, evaluating HP’sperception of usefulness and willingness to use, and multi-stakeholders incentives are vital enablers to enhance the HP adoption ofdigital interventions.npj Digital Medicine (2023) 6:161 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00899-4INTRODUCTIONRecent developments in health technology have positivelyaffected multiple and essential sectors of the economy, especiallythe healthcare sector, by providing solutions that guarantee theexchange of medical knowledge and information and establishlong-lasting health outcomes 1,2 . Digital health technologies, suchas wearables devices, computerized decision support systems, andtelemedicine improve the technical performance and satisfactionof healthcare employees, demonstrate potential to decrease directand indirect costs of medical services, and enhance the quality ofdelivered care3 . Worldwide, using digital solutions in practiceseems inevitable, with modality-specific prevalence (e.g., 50.8% fortelemedicine, 89.9% for electronic health records, and 91.9% forsocial media platforms) 4–6 . However, the prevalence of use mightbe even higher, as no previous study has collated and assessedthe overall prevalence of using digital health technologies byhealthcare providers. Likewise, several studies have suggestedthat ethnicity, race, geographic location, age, and medicalspecialty directly interfere in the adoption of technology use,evidencing the importance of understanding variables accountingfor the digital divide and disparity of access7–9 .Several barriers to healthcare’s overall quality, transparency, andefficiency naturally arise during or following the creation,implementation, and maintenance of digital health technologies.Therefore, during the design of any health-related project, it isessential to identify and quanti-qualitatively analyze its risks andfacilitators, enhancing the likelihood of obtaining favorableoutcomes and optimizing the chances of success. The efficientimplementation of digital technologies, characterized by properimplementation of a systematic management approach, includingstrategic planning, resource allocation, and control and evaluationprocesses, is fundamental to refining healthcare services, equip-ment, and technologies 10–12 . In reaction to these aforementionedelements, multiple efforts have strengthened healthcare systemsthrough employing DHTs for healthcare professionals andstakeholders from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Forinstance, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed in the73rd World Health Assembly the institution of the Global Strategyon Digital Health 2020–2025, in which four guiding principles relyon the acknowledgment that the institutionalization of digitalhealth in a national system requires a decision and commitmentby countries, recognition that successful digital technologiesrequire an integrated strategy, promotion of the appropriate useof digital interventions for health, and recognition of the urgentneed to address the major impediments faced by least-developedcountries implementing digital health technologies 13 . Further-more, the Regional Digital Health Action Plan for the WHOEuropean Region 2023–2030 has a critical regional focus area onstrengthening digital literacy skills and capacity-building in thegeneral population, with particular attention to the healthworkforce, for the use of digital health services and diseaseprevention and management 14 . Due to these global actions

Innovations in Healthcare SectorConnected to Industry 4.0Zuzana Papulova, Silvester KrcmeryDepartment of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management Comenius University inBratislava, [email protected]. With the development of the 4th Industrial Revolution, we can expectchanges that could transform the very essence of humanity and every aspect oflife in our planet. The 4th Industrial Revolution has already undoubtedly im-pacted a lot of sectors and industries along with healthcare. The purpose of thepaper is to introduce the Healthcare 4.0 and evaluate trends and challenges com-ing with innovations of Industry 4.0 in the selected sector of healthcare. Numer-ous studies have come to conclusions that trends like digitalization, telemedicineor artificial intelligence could improve healthcare quality for patients and in-crease the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare management. The Industry4.0 will substantially change the healthcare in a relatively short time. The valueof this paper is the investigation of the applicability, the challenges and the op-portunities of the 4th industrial revolution paradigms in the healthcare sector.Moreover, it provides an insight into the current state of healthcare in the contextof Industry 4.0. The intention is to present possibilities coming with Industry 4.0to improve healthcare services and to ensure and increase the safety of patients,the quality of life and other healthcare activities. As we can already learn fromprevious industrial revolutions, it is reasonable to expect that the Fourth Indus-trial Revolution will bring many opportunities, benefits, and promise to transformhealth and healthcare in medicine to become even more interconnected, moreprecise, and more democratic, with significantly improved human outcomes.Keywords: Healthcare, Industry 4.0, Innovations.IntroductionAt present, there are often divergent views and discussions about the 4th IndustrialRevolution. In many sectors, companies are actively preparing for changes related tothis revolution, the dynamics of the environment, and this is not different in healthcare,where we can also speak about the so-called Healthcare 4.0, Health 4.0 or eHealth. Thistechnological revolution will bring a number of trends that will fundamentally changethe way organization in healthcare works, such as the application of communicationtools for patients and medical teams to intensify the transfer of treatment from hospitalto home without interrupting outpatient services

Summarize the key findings and insights from both global and local perspectives.Emphasize the importance of a balanced approach to ICT implementation in healthcare.