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“In the aftermath of World War I, Japanese imperialism came to be rethought radically in the context of pan-Asianism, the new discourse of civilization that began at the time to burgeon in Japan and many other parts of [Asia]. Pan-Asianism meant different things to different people, even within Japan. There were those . . . who saw the Japanese role in pan-Asianism as nondomineering—oriented toward solidarity and the revival of Asia. [For others] pan-Asianism called for a final war between the West and the East led by Japan, which had amply demonstrated its leadership abilities. Pan-Asianism also had a special meaning for Japanese nationalists and thinkers during the 1920s because of the growing perception that, despite Japan's effort to become a world-class nation-state . . . , the Japanese continued to encounter racism and discrimination.Discrimination was perceived in the international conferences in Washington (1922), the London Naval Conference (1930), and wherever Japan was allotted a lower quota of ships than the British and Americans. But most of all, it was the buildup of exclusionary policies in the United States and the final Exclusion Laws prohibiting Japanese immigration in 1924 that galled Japanese nationalists. In their view, Asian civilization did not exhibit inhuman racist attitudes and policies of this kind, and for [Japanese] militants . . . these ingrained civilizational differences would have to be fought out in a final, righteous war of the East against the West.”Prasenjit Duara, Indian historian, article published in an academic journal, 2006 QuestionIn your response, be sure to address all parts of the question. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. Use the passage to answer all parts of the question that follows.a) Identify ONE piece of evidence that Duara uses in the passage to support his claim regarding Western racial attitudes and Japanese militarism in the second paragraph.b) Explain ONE development in the period before 1930 that would support Duara’s claim that Japan had “amply demonstrated its leadership abilities” as stated in the first paragraph.

Question

“In the aftermath of World War I, Japanese imperialism came to be rethought radically in the context of pan-Asianism, the new discourse of civilization that began at the time to burgeon in Japan and many other parts of [Asia]. Pan-Asianism meant different things to different people, even within Japan. There were those . . . who saw the Japanese role in pan-Asianism as nondomineering—oriented toward solidarity and the revival of Asia. [For others] pan-Asianism called for a final war between the West and the East led by Japan, which had amply demonstrated its leadership abilities. Pan-Asianism also had a special meaning for Japanese nationalists and thinkers during the 1920s because of the growing perception that, despite Japan's effort to become a world-class nation-state . . . , the Japanese continued to encounter racism and discrimination.Discrimination was perceived in the international conferences in Washington (1922), the London Naval Conference (1930), and wherever Japan was allotted a lower quota of ships than the British and Americans. But most of all, it was the buildup of exclusionary policies in the United States and the final Exclusion Laws prohibiting Japanese immigration in 1924 that galled Japanese nationalists. In their view, Asian civilization did not exhibit inhuman racist attitudes and policies of this kind, and for [Japanese] militants . . . these ingrained civilizational differences would have to be fought out in a final, righteous war of the East against the West.”Prasenjit Duara, Indian historian, article published in an academic journal, 2006 QuestionIn your response, be sure to address all parts of the question. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. Use the passage to answer all parts of the question that follows.a) Identify ONE piece of evidence that Duara uses in the passage to support his claim regarding Western racial attitudes and Japanese militarism in the second paragraph.b) Explain ONE development in the period before 1930 that would support Duara’s claim that Japan had “amply demonstrated its leadership abilities” as stated in the first paragraph.

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Solution

a) One piece of evidence that Duara uses in the passage to support his claim regarding Western racial attitudes and Japanese militarism in the second paragraph is the reference to the Exclusion Laws in the United States in 1924. These laws prohibited Japanese immigration, which was perceived as a form of racial discrimination by the Japanese. This, according to Duara, was a significant factor that fueled Japanese militarism, as it galled Japanese nationalists and led to the belief that these civilizational differences would have to be resolved through a war.

b) One development in the period before 1930 that would support Duara’s claim that Japan had “amply demonstrated its leadership abilities” could be the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). This was a significant event where Japan emerged victorious against a major European power, Russia. This victory demonstrated Japan's military prowess and established its status as a rising world power, thereby supporting Duara's claim of Japan's demonstrated leadership abilities.

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