Example 1: Calculate the hardness of water sample having following analysis : Mg(HCO3)2 = 7.3ppm, Ca(HCO3)2 = 16.2 ppm, MgCl2 = 9.5 ppm, CaSO4 = 13.6 ppm, Fe2O3 = 8.5 ppm, Mg(NO3)2=14.8 ppm. Also calculate carbonate and non carbonate hardnes
Question
Example 1: Calculate the hardness of water sample having following analysis : Mg(HCO3)2 = 7.3ppm, Ca(HCO3)2 = 16.2 ppm, MgCl2 = 9.5 ppm, CaSO4 = 13.6 ppm, Fe2O3 = 8.5 ppm, Mg(NO3)2=14.8 ppm. Also calculate carbonate and non carbonate hardnes
Solution
To calculate the hardness of the water sample, we need to determine the concentrations of the different ions present.
Step 1: Calculate the total hardness The total hardness is the sum of the concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions. Total hardness = Ca(HCO3)2 + Mg(HCO3)2 + MgCl2 + CaSO4 + Mg(NO3)2
Total hardness = 16.2 ppm + 7.3 ppm + 9.5 ppm + 13.6 ppm + 14.8 ppm
Total hardness = 61.4 ppm
Step 2: Calculate the carbonate hardness Carbonate hardness is the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions that are associated with bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions. Carbonate hardness = Ca(HCO3)2 + Mg(HCO3)2
Carbonate hardness = 16.2 ppm + 7.3 ppm
Carbonate hardness = 23.5 ppm
Step 3: Calculate the non-carbonate hardness Non-carbonate hardness is the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions that are not associated with bicarbonate ions. Non-carbonate hardness = Total hardness - Carbonate hardness
Non-carbonate hardness = 61.4 ppm - 23.5 ppm
Non-carbonate hardness = 37.9 ppm
Therefore, the hardness of the water sample is 61.4 ppm. The carbonate hardness is 23.5 ppm, and the non-carbonate hardness is 37.9 ppm.
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