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Question background: Recently, digital currency, i.e., Litecoin, has become more popular because of its transparency, security, and irreversibility. Litecoin is a peer-to-peer (P2P) internet currency that enables instant, near-zero cost payments to anyone in the world. Litecoin is an open source, global payment network that is fully decentralized without any central authorities. Different from the Bitcoin blockchain, one of the most popular digital currencies, the Litecoin blockchain is capable of handling higher transaction volumes so that merchants obtain faster confirmation times. Since it is quite young compared with Bitcoin, Litecoin still offers miners 12.5 new litecoins per block. However, the total Litecoin supply is still limited (approximately 84 million litecoins in total), but it is still 4 times more than Bitcoin. Below are monthly exchange rate data from 1/8/2020 to 1/7/2021. USD/LTC stands for price in USD per Litecoin, and AUD/LTC stands for price in AUD per Litecoin. DateOpenHighLowCloseVolumeOpenHighLowCloseVolume  AUD/LTC(Billion)USD/LTC(Billion)1/07/2023128.10171.95127.88136.1128.63108.20114.5090.1692.1692.161/06/2023141.66146.77105.97128.1224.0790.54110.8072.02108.17108.171/05/2023137.68142.39113.35141.6723.6288.5194.8776.8390.5490.541/04/2023132.65153.83126.80137.6824.9589.69103.0584.9088.5388.531/03/2023139.36145.04101.38132.6330.4993.8098.1266.6889.6889.681/02/2023133.74151.65127.53139.3624.1194.30104.4888.8593.7993.791/01/2023102.87137.27101.74133.7627.9170.0097.4669.2394.3194.311/12/2022116.62123.2692.34102.8621.3279.2983.8261.8670.0070.001/11/202285.94122.9276.76116.6348.3255.0981.5649.3379.3079.301/10/202283.4689.4878.8785.9418.3753.4057.4648.8755.0855.081/09/202278.8897.1475.4083.4524.4753.8667.0750.4353.4053.401/08/202285.9592.0975.6678.8820.4959.9265.6352.1253.8653.86            Data are extracted from Yahoo Finance. Question:On 1/6/2023, the spot rate quotation from a foreign exchange dealer was AUD1.5106/USD. Based on the above table closing price column, is there any arbitrage opportunity? As an Australian investor who owns USD 1,000,000 ONLY, how much net profit can be generated from arbitrage? (Assuming there is no transaction cost or tax. No borrowing is allowed)  (5 marks)

Question

Question background: Recently, digital currency, i.e., Litecoin, has become more popular because of its transparency, security, and irreversibility. Litecoin is a peer-to-peer (P2P) internet currency that enables instant, near-zero cost payments to anyone in the world. Litecoin is an open source, global payment network that is fully decentralized without any central authorities. Different from the Bitcoin blockchain, one of the most popular digital currencies, the Litecoin blockchain is capable of handling higher transaction volumes so that merchants obtain faster confirmation times. Since it is quite young compared with Bitcoin, Litecoin still offers miners 12.5 new litecoins per block. However, the total Litecoin supply is still limited (approximately 84 million litecoins in total), but it is still 4 times more than Bitcoin. Below are monthly exchange rate data from 1/8/2020 to 1/7/2021. USD/LTC stands for price in USD per Litecoin, and AUD/LTC stands for price in AUD per Litecoin. DateOpenHighLowCloseVolumeOpenHighLowCloseVolume  AUD/LTC(Billion)USD/LTC(Billion)1/07/2023128.10171.95127.88136.1128.63108.20114.5090.1692.1692.161/06/2023141.66146.77105.97128.1224.0790.54110.8072.02108.17108.171/05/2023137.68142.39113.35141.6723.6288.5194.8776.8390.5490.541/04/2023132.65153.83126.80137.6824.9589.69103.0584.9088.5388.531/03/2023139.36145.04101.38132.6330.4993.8098.1266.6889.6889.681/02/2023133.74151.65127.53139.3624.1194.30104.4888.8593.7993.791/01/2023102.87137.27101.74133.7627.9170.0097.4669.2394.3194.311/12/2022116.62123.2692.34102.8621.3279.2983.8261.8670.0070.001/11/202285.94122.9276.76116.6348.3255.0981.5649.3379.3079.301/10/202283.4689.4878.8785.9418.3753.4057.4648.8755.0855.081/09/202278.8897.1475.4083.4524.4753.8667.0750.4353.4053.401/08/202285.9592.0975.6678.8820.4959.9265.6352.1253.8653.86            Data are extracted from Yahoo Finance. Question:On 1/6/2023, the spot rate quotation from a foreign exchange dealer was AUD1.5106/USD. Based on the above table closing price column, is there any arbitrage opportunity? As an Australian investor who owns USD 1,000,000 ONLY, how much net profit can be generated from arbitrage? (Assuming there is no transaction cost or tax. No borrowing is allowed)  (5 marks)

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Solution

To answer this question, we first need to understand what arbitrage is. Arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset to profit from a difference in the price. It is a trade that profits by exploiting the price differences of identical or similar financial instruments on different markets or in different forms.

Step 1: Identify the exchange rates on 1/6/2023 From the table, we can see that on 1/6/2023, the closing prices were:

  • AUD/LTC: 128.12
  • USD/LTC: 108.17

Step 2: Identify the spot rate quotation on 1/6/2023 The spot rate quotation from a foreign exchange dealer was AUD1.5106/USD.

Step 3: Check for arbitrage opportunity An arbitrage opportunity exists if the price of Litecoin in AUD, converted to USD, is different from the price of Litecoin in USD.

Let's convert the price of Litecoin from AUD to USD: AUD/LTC * USD/AUD = USD/LTC 128.12 * 1/1.5106 = 84.76 USD/LTC

Comparing this with the given USD/LTC rate of 108.17, we can see that there is indeed an arbitrage opportunity, as the price of Litecoin in USD is higher than the price of Litecoin in AUD converted to USD.

Step 4: Calculate the net profit from arbitrage As an Australian investor who owns USD 1,000,000, you can buy Litecoin in AUD, then sell it in USD to make a profit.

First, convert your USD to AUD: USD * AUD/USD = AUD 1,000,000 * 1.5106 = 1,510,600 AUD

Next, buy Litecoin with AUD: AUD / AUD/LTC = LTC 1,510,600 / 128.12 = 11,787.77 LTC

Then, sell Litecoin for USD: LTC * USD/LTC = USD 11,787.77 * 108.17 = 1,275,349.59 USD

Finally, calculate the net profit: Profit = Final amount - Initial amount Profit = 1,275,349.59 - 1,000,000 = 275,349.59 USD

So, the net profit from arbitrage would be 275,349.59 USD.

This problem has been solved

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