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Identity which rule is violated by the given categorical syllogism from the choices provided. 1. Men have spiritual nature. B. Men have biological needs. Therefore, men are spiritual beings with biological needs. a. Rule no. 4 b. Rule no. 2 c. Rule no. 1 d. None 2. A diligent man works hard. D. A lazy man hardly works. Therefore, a lazy man is diligent. a. Rule no. 2 b. Rule no. 3 c. Rule no. 5 d. None 3. A pail holds water. This argument does not hold water. Ergo, this argument is not pail. a. Rule no. 1 b. Rule no. 4 c. Rule no. 6 d. None 4. An astronaut possesses inalienable rights. C. No child is an astronaut. Ergo, a child possesses inalienable rights. a. Rule no. 5 b. Rule no. 3 c. Rule no. 7 d. None 5. Animals are organic. D. Plants are organic. Therefore, no plant is an animal. a. Rule no. 6 b. Rule no. 2 c. Rule no. 5 d. None 6. A scholar does not have failinging grades. B. Mercy does not have failing grades. Ergo, she’s a scholar. a. Rule no. 1 b. Rule no. 5 c. Rule no. 6 d. None Find the obverse of the following obvertend: 7. Practically all citizens now are afraid of the government. B. Or A a. Practically all citizens now are not non-afraid of the government. b. Practically all citizens now are not afraid of the government. c. Practically all citizens now are not not-afraid of the government. d. Practically all citizens now are frightened of the government. 8. Many farmers are not educated. B. a. Many farmers are brilliant. b. Many farmers are non-educated. c. Many farmers are lazy. d. Many farmers are non-education. 9. All members of the congress are citizens of the Philippines. A or C a. All members of the congress are not from the Philippines. b. All members of the congress are from Philippines. c. All members of the congress are not non-citizens of the Philippines. d. All members of the congress are not non-citizens. 10. Every Senator is not corrupt. D a. Every Senator is corrupt. b. Every Senator is incorruptible. c. Every senator is not bad. d. Every senator is non-corrupt.

Question

Identity which rule is violated by the given categorical syllogism from the choices provided.

  1. Men have spiritual nature. B. Men have biological needs. Therefore, men are spiritual beings with biological needs. a. Rule no. 4 b. Rule no. 2 c. Rule no. 1 d. None
  2. A diligent man works hard. D. A lazy man hardly works. Therefore, a lazy man is diligent. a. Rule no. 2 b. Rule no. 3 c. Rule no. 5 d. None
  3. A pail holds water. This argument does not hold water. Ergo, this argument is not pail. a. Rule no. 1 b. Rule no. 4 c. Rule no. 6 d. None
  4. An astronaut possesses inalienable rights. C. No child is an astronaut. Ergo, a child possesses inalienable rights. a. Rule no. 5 b. Rule no. 3 c. Rule no. 7 d. None
  5. Animals are organic. D. Plants are organic. Therefore, no plant is an animal. a. Rule no. 6 b. Rule no. 2 c. Rule no. 5 d. None
  6. A scholar does not have failinging grades. B. Mercy does not have failing grades. Ergo, she’s a scholar. a. Rule no. 1 b. Rule no. 5 c. Rule no. 6 d. None

Find the obverse of the following obvertend: 7. Practically all citizens now are afraid of the government. B. Or A a. Practically all citizens now are not non-afraid of the government. b. Practically all citizens now are not afraid of the government. c. Practically all citizens now are not not-afraid of the government. d. Practically all citizens now are frightened of the government. 8. Many farmers are not educated. B. a. Many farmers are brilliant. b. Many farmers are non-educated. c. Many farmers are lazy. d. Many farmers are non-education. 9. All members of the congress are citizens of the Philippines. A or C a. All members of the congress are not from the Philippines. b. All members of the congress are from Philippines. c. All members of the congress are not non-citizens of the Philippines. d. All members of the congress are not non-citizens. 10. Every Senator is not corrupt. D a. Every Senator is corrupt. b. Every Senator is incorruptible. c. Every senator is not bad. d. Every senator is non-corrupt.

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Solution

  1. The given categorical syllogism violates Rule no. 2. According to Rule no. 2, if a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must also be distributed in the premises. In this syllogism, the term "men" is distributed in the conclusion ("men are spiritual beings with biological needs"), but it is not distributed in the premises ("men have spiritual nature" and "men have biological needs").

  2. The given categorical syllogism violates Rule no. 3. According to Rule no. 3, if a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must be distributed in at least one of the premises. In this syllogism, the term "lazy man" is distributed in the conclusion ("a lazy man is diligent"), but it is not distributed in either of the premises ("a diligent man works hard" and "a lazy man hardly works").

  3. The given categorical syllogism violates Rule no. 6. According to Rule no. 6, if a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must be distributed in the premises. In this syllogism, the term "argument" is distributed in the conclusion ("this argument is not pail"), but it is not distributed in the premise ("a pail holds water").

  4. The given categorical syllogism violates Rule no. 7. According to Rule no. 7, if a term is distributed in the premises, it cannot be undistributed in the conclusion. In this syllogism, the term "child" is distributed in the premise ("no child is an astronaut"), but it is undistributed in the conclusion ("a child possesses inalienable rights").

  5. The given categorical syllogism violates Rule no. 5. According to Rule no. 5, if a term is undistributed in the premises, it cannot be distributed in the conclusion. In this syllogism, the term "plant" is undistributed in the premises ("animals are organic" and "plants are organic"), but it is distributed in the conclusion ("no plant is an animal").

  6. The given categorical syllogism violates Rule no. 5. According to Rule no. 5, if a term is undistributed in the premises, it cannot be distributed in the conclusion. In this syllogism, the term "Mercy" is undistributed in the premise ("Mercy does not have failing grades"), but it is distributed in the conclusion ("she's a scholar").

  7. The obverse of the obvertend "Practically all citizens now are afraid of the government" is "Practically all citizens now are not afraid of the government." (Option B)

  8. The obverse of the obvertend "Many farmers are not educated" is "Many farmers are educated." (Option B)

  9. The obverse of the obvertend "All members of the congress are citizens of the Philippines" is "All members of the congress are not non-citizens of the Philippines." (Option A or C)

  10. The obverse of the obvertend "Every Senator is not corrupt" is "Every Senator is corrupt." (Option D)

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