what steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collectivisation among French people ? class 10 history chapter 1
Question
what steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collectivisation among French people ? class 10 history chapter 1
Solution
The French revolutionaries took several steps to create a sense of collectivisation among the French people. Here are the steps:
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Abolition of Monarchy: The first step was the abolition of the monarchy and the declaration of France as a republic. This was a significant step towards collectivisation as it meant that the power was now in the hands of the people.
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Introduction of New French Calendar: The revolutionaries introduced a new French calendar to break free from the old traditions. The new calendar had 10-day weeks and new months named after natural elements. This was done to give a sense of a fresh start and unity among the French people.
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Promotion of Secularism: The revolutionaries promoted secularism and discouraged religious influence in the government. They turned churches into 'Temples of Reason' where they propagated revolutionary and Enlightenment ideals.
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Use of Propaganda: The revolutionaries used propaganda to spread their ideas and values. They used symbols like the tricolour, the Phrygian cap, and the slogan "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" to create a sense of national unity.
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Education Reforms: The revolutionaries introduced a system of state schools to provide universal education. This was done to create a sense of equality among the French people.
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Abolition of Feudalism: The revolutionaries abolished feudalism and redistributed the land among the peasants. This was a significant step towards collectivisation as it addressed the economic inequality in French society.
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Introduction of Metric System: The revolutionaries introduced the metric system of weights and measures to standardise these across the country. This was another step towards creating a sense of unity among the French people.
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Encouragement of Patriotism: The revolutionaries encouraged patriotism through various means like festivals, songs, and dances. They also created a national anthem, 'La Marseillaise', to instil a sense of national pride among the French people.
These steps taken by the French revolutionaries helped in creating a sense of collectivisation among the French people.
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Extract AThe French Revolution successfully radicalised the working classes in Britain and new British radicals emerged in the 1790s with a clear policy. They demanded a government elected by all adult males. However, who they were was even more important than what they said. Before the French Revolution, some aristocrats had considered radical ideas such as male suffrage, but after the Revolution, it was the shoemakers and metalworkers who started discussing these same ideas. The aristocrats were not seen as a threat but the new working-class radicals challenged the structure of society. This radicalisation of the working classes produced a conservative reaction from the upper classes, but despite this, radical ideas had still spread among working-class men by 1801.Adapted from E Evans, The Forging of the Modern State, Early Industrial Britain 1783-1870, 2001Extract BWith the coming of the French Revolution, the radical movement in Britain quickly attracted middle-class supporters. However, by 1801, radicalism had failed to attract the working-class men. Conservatives were victorious over the radicals due to the sheer number, not the quality, of their arguments. They won a propaganda victory by celebrating Britain's commercial success and wealth and by constantly describing the radicals as godless republicans. Unlike the radicals, the conservatives did not face the hostility of the authorities nor did they lack funds. They could use every resource to spread their patriotic, conservative message, and they won many supporters from among the working classes.Adapted from J Belchem, Popular Radicalism in Nineteenth-Century Britain, 199601With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the radical movement in Britain in the years 1789 to 1801?[25 marks]
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