Read the passage:I rode my bike to school, I had one of those little knit grocery bags I used when I remembered to bring it into the store, I'd gotten my recycling system pretty much down pat wasn't that enough?What do you learn about the narrator of this passage?A.The narrator is lazy and apathetic when it comes to fighting against global warming.B.The narrator is conscientious about but overwhelmed by the idea of fighting against global warming.C.The narrator doesn't think there's any point in fighting against global warming.D.The narrator doesn't believe that global warming exists.

What does the author think of the climate argument?

Read the following the passage and answer the question:"Climate change is a pressing global issue that demands immediate attention. Rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and extreme weather events are clear indicators of the planet's changing climate. Human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have created this crisis. Addressing climate change requires collective action, from reducing greenhouse gas emissions to promoting sustainable practices. It is crucial that individuals, communities, and nations work together to protect our environment and safeguard the future of our planet."According to this passage, what is required to address climate change effectivelyIndividual actions like recyclingAdaptation to climateCollective actionNationwide regulation

I’ll never forget the moment I realised the environment movement had finally entered the political mainstream.Paragraph:When I entered parliament back in 2010 as the first Green MP, I used every possible trick in the book to push the environment up the UK’s political agenda. ____1____. In the early days, progress was agonisingly slow. Simply making the case that Britain should be powered by renewables, not fossil fuels, was a daily battle. ____2___. Every single budget, I would stand up and ask the same question: what about the climate? And then, quite quickly, things finally began to change. ____3_____. The shift dawned on me during the school strikes five years ago, which brought over a million people worldwide out on to the streets in protest. _____4______.

Passage 5 (Questions 21 - 25)Understanding and addressing the economic impacts of climate change presents a unique series of problems. The costs and benefits of any activity taken to mitigate the effects of global warming or to adapt to its impacts will inherently be unevenly distributed across nations, sub-national groups, and even generations. Economic policy decision-making is plagued by incomplete information and speculative assessments about the near- and medium-term impacts of climate change effects. Efforts to divert economic resources towards mitigation or adaptation must involve a heavy opportunity cost, with resources being redirected away from other economically salutary activities, possibly from more effective environmentally sustainable initiatives.With the deep uncertainty around these issues, economists and policy-setters are faced with a challenge to traditional decision-making processes. In the classical approach, key steps proceed in a more or less sequential fashion. Analysts start by identifying the nature of the problem to frame the construction of the relevant research. Research allows stakeholders to develop a complete or near-complete understanding of the relevant issues. Any shortcomings in such understanding simply fuel further research. Once avenues of exploration have been exhausted, policymakers can next identify a number of policy options and craft those options into the most optimal policy that is practicable, thereby solving the problem.Uncertainties surrounding the economic impacts of climate change, led Professor Granger Morgan to advocate for an iterative problem-solving approach. Under this heuristic, the research that follows problem-identification does not provide a full understanding of all relevant issues, but leads to both continued research and implementation of the adaptive policy that is identified as being the most likely to be beneficial. Policy implementation is carried out concurrently with further research, including assessment of the policy’s effectiveness. The policy and other identified alternatives are re-assessed in the light of new knowledge and changing circumstances, and the end state is not a comprehensive solution, but a refined or reframed identification of the problem, which iterates back to the initial research step and to the task of identifying the best adaptive policy for moving forward.One implementation of this latter approach is a method of risk mitigation borrowed from investment banking called the portfolio approach. Under portfolio theory, the only rational response to decision-making on uncertain terrain is to create a varied array of both possible and implemented responses. That is, policy-setters should advocate for the simultaneous deployment of both mitigation strategies and adaptation strategies in response to climate change and for the use of a number of strategies involving a resilient and diverse economy and insurance hedges spread across all economic sectors and in different regions of the globe. That is, a nation should ensure that some component of its financial resources is allocated to investments in various countries (and indeed, continents).Underlying any approach to decision-models or risk-analysis is cost-benefit analysis. Unsurprisingly, even this foundational assumption for fiscal and economic problem-solving has itself come under critical scrutiny. The typical cost-benefit analysis converts various factors into a common monetary unit – typically US dollars – and then seeks to maximize dollars. Critics suggest that climate change is a uniquely disastrous problem that is not susceptible to a simple dollar-based approach to utility, and that the various consequences of global warming should be disaggregated and examined on an individual basis. Thus, even if climate change were to have a “three-billion-dollar cost” to the petrochemical sector of the economy and a “one-billion-dollar cost” in the form of lost biodiversity in subtropical regions, these two numbers cannot meaningfully be compared to each other, and policies relating to these two issues must be separately examined. Question 25According to the passage, Professor Morgan’s approach: A.does not provide policies that solve problems.B.feeds back on itself in a way that is different from traditional models.C.takes longer to implement given the multiple rounds of assessment and reassessment.D.is favored by those who see traditional cost-benefit analysis as inappropriate.

Prof. Sheila Jasanoff (Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Harvard Kennedy School), and we'll explore how the framework she creates provides a way of thinking about the ways in which our understandings of climate often carry with them tacit social, cultural and economic values and commitments.