A patient has come into the hospital extremely dehydrated and has been administered an isotonic IV drip (0.9% saline), to replenish the fluids they have lost.1. What are the words used to describe:(A) a solution that is too concentrated (2% saline). (0.5 mark)(B) a solution that is too dilute (0.2% saline). (0.5 mark) 2. Explain what would happen to a patient's red blood cells if they were given either a solution of (A) concentrated saline and (B) dilute saline instead of an isotonic solution. (2 marks)
Question
A patient has come into the hospital extremely dehydrated and has been administered an isotonic IV drip (0.9% saline), to replenish the fluids they have lost.1. What are the words used to describe:(A) a solution that is too concentrated (2% saline). (0.5 mark)(B) a solution that is too dilute (0.2% saline). (0.5 mark) 2. Explain what would happen to a patient's red blood cells if they were given either a solution of (A) concentrated saline and (B) dilute saline instead of an isotonic solution. (2 marks)
Solution
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(A) A solution that is too concentrated (2% saline) is described as hypertonic. (0.5 mark) (B) A solution that is too dilute (0.2% saline) is described as hypotonic. (0.5 mark)
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(A) If a patient's red blood cells were exposed to a hypertonic solution (like 2% saline), water would move out of the cells and into the solution in an attempt to balance the concentration of solutes. This would cause the cells to shrink or crenate. (1 mark)
(B) If a patient's red blood cells were exposed to a hypotonic solution (like 0.2% saline), water would move into the cells from the solution, again in an attempt to balance the concentration of solutes. This could cause the cells to swell and potentially burst, a process known as hemolysis. (1 mark)
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