90.Which components of pharmacokinetics does Nurse Wax need to understand before administering a drug?(1 Point)Drugs with a smaller volume of drug distribution have a longer half-life.Oral drugs are dissolved during metabolism.Patient with kidney disease may have fewer protein-binding sites and are at risk for drug toxicityRapid absorption deceases bioavailability of the drug.

InstructionDistinguish how the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule, finished dosage form, excipients, method of manufacturing, and route of drug administration affect the bioavailability of drugsBy utilizing the table below, fill in the effect of dissolution and bioavailability of the different biopharmaceutic considerations: Biopharmaceutic Factors Effect in Dissolution Effect in BioavailabilityLarge particle size of the drug Crystalline polymorphs Excessive use of suspending agents Excessive use of tablet lubricants Incorporation of absorption enhancers Intravenously administered drugs Perorally administered drugs For drugs that have very poor aqueous solubility For a drug that has a high aqueous solubility Extended- or controlled-release formulations

Identify the effect of the different biopharmaceutic factors below to the DISSOLUTION of drugs.Choices: INCREASE, DECREASE or NO EFFECT (use uppercase letters)Large particle size of the drug Crystalline polymorphs Excessive use of suspending agents For drugs that have very poor aqueous solubility Extended- or controlled-release formulations

Question 8 (5 points) How should a sublingual medication be administered to a patient? Question 8 options: By placing it under the tongue and allowing saliva to dissolve it By applying a medicated patch to the upper arm or underarm By placing it against the cheek of the patient to be absorbed By means of a spray, mist, or gas that can be inhaled through a device Question 9 (5 points) Before taking a dose of a strong drug, the patient mentions that it has been quite a while since she last ate. Why is this important to know? Question 9 options: The rate at which the drug will be excreted increases substantially. The rate of absorption will be significantly reduced to the point where the medicine may have little or no effect. The rate of absorption increases, as well as the likelihood of irritation. There is a much greater risk of an allergic reaction to the medicine. Question 10 (5 points) If a drug has explicit instructions that it be administered "parenterally," how should it be consumed by the patient? Question 10 options: By injection By inserting it through the rectum By rubbing it through the skin By swallowing it Question 11 (5 points) If someone tells you that a particular drug is "OTC," what does this mean about the drug? Question 11 options: The FDA doesn't have any restrictions on the use of the drug. The drug is experimental and hasn't yet been approved by the FDA. The drug is particularly dangerous and subject to overuse or abuse. The drug is highly controlled and requires a prescription to be bought.

AbsorptionDrug moves from site of administration into the blood, crossing at least one membrane (except if administered IV)To cross membranes, drugs must be in solution and lipid solubleInfluenced by..oRoute of administrationoDosage form – solution, tablet, suppository, etc.oSolubility of the drug – if lipid soluble, drugs cross membranes more easilyoOther factors – food in stomach, type of food in stomach; movement of drug through stomach and small intestine, pH of stomach/intestinal fluids, etc.First-pass effect – influences bioavailability of the drugBioavailability of the drug - “portion of a [drug] dose that reaches systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells

What are the four processes of pharmacokinetics? Question 1 options: A) Distribution, metabolism, excretion, and hydration B) Metabolism, excretion, synthesis, and absorption C) Absorption, distribution, hydration, and synthesis D) Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Question 2 (5 points) What is the term for the theoretical concept that a drug would have all good effects and qualities and no negative effects or qualities? Question 2 options: A) Desired effect B) Ideal drug C) Pharmacodynamics D) Margin of safety Question 3 (5 points) Which of the following affect(s) the distribution of a drug? Question 3 options: A) The rate of metabolism B) Fat solubility and protein-binding ability C) The functioning of the liver and kidneys D) Excretory functions Question 4 (5 points) What is the margin of safety? Question 4 options: A) The effect of a drug on the whole body B) The difference between the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose C) The expected response that occurs from drug administration D) A predictable but not desired response Question 5 (5 points) Which of the following is not a drug source? Question 5 options: A) Animals B) Minerals C) Metabolism D) Synthetic sources Question 6 (5 points) A drug used to counteract the effect of an excessive drug toxicity level is called a/an Question 6 options: A) legend drug. B) safe drug. C) antidote. D) anti-inflammatory drug. Question 7 (5 points) What is a contraindication? Question 7 options: A) A predictable but not desired response B) The difference between the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose C) A condition in which the use of a specific medication should be avoided D) A chemical used for therapeutic purposes Question 8 (5 points) Which of the following statements is true concerning physician prescription pads? Question 8 options: A) Prescription pads don't need to be kept in a locked drawer or cabinet when not being used. B) Prescription pads should be left in the examination rooms. C) Prescription pads aren't used much anymore. D) Many offices primarily enter prescriptions electronically. Question 9 (5 points) Which route is considered to be the fastest way of getting drugs into the bloodstream? Question 9 options: A) Percutaneous B) Buccal C) Oral D) Parenteral Question 10 (5 points) Which of the following choices contain the primary sites of absorption? Question 10 options: A) Lungs, blood vessels in muscle tissue, and spleen B) Pancreas, spleen, and stomach C) Stomach, mucosa of the mouth, and lungs D) Subcutaneous tissue, lungs, and pancreas