## ## Call:## lm(formula = y ~ I(x^1) + I(x^2) + I(x^3) + I(x^4) + I(x^5) + ## I(x^6), data = df)## ## Residuals:## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max ## -2.9282 -0.6652 0.0071 0.6308 3.7435 ## ## Coefficients:## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) ## (Intercept) -0.05348 0.20758 -0.258 0.797272 ## I(x^1) 1.10952 0.35957 3.086 0.002675 ** ## I(x^2) 0.92462 0.51810 1.785 0.077583 . ## I(x^3) 1.21361 0.30649 3.960 0.000147 ***## I(x^4) 1.12671 0.27192 4.144 7.53e-05 ***## I(x^5) 0.93841 0.05348 17.549 < 2e-16 ***## I(x^6) 0.97314 0.03658 26.605 < 2e-16 ***## ---## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1## ## Residual standard error: 1.2 on 93 degrees of freedom## Multiple R-squared: 0.999, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9989 ## F-statistic: 1.553e+04 on 6 and 93 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
Question
## Call:## lm(formula = y ~ I(x^1) + I(x^2) + I(x^3) + I(x^4) + I(x^5) + ## I(x^6), data = df)## ## Residuals:## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max ## -2.9282 -0.6652 0.0071 0.6308 3.7435 ## ## Coefficients:## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) ## (Intercept) -0.05348 0.20758 -0.258 0.797272 ## I(x^1) 1.10952 0.35957 3.086 0.002675 ** ## I(x^2) 0.92462 0.51810 1.785 0.077583 . ## I(x^3) 1.21361 0.30649 3.960 0.000147 ***## I(x^4) 1.12671 0.27192 4.144 7.53e-05 ***## I(x^5) 0.93841 0.05348 17.549 < 2e-16 ## I(x^6) 0.97314 0.03658 26.605 < 2e-16 ## ---## Signif. codes: 0 '' 0.001 '' 0.01 '' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1## ## Residual standard error: 1.2 on 93 degrees of freedom## Multiple R-squared: 0.999, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9989 ## F-statistic: 1.553e+04 on 6 and 93 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
Solution
This output is from a linear regression model in R, where the dependent variable 'y' is being modeled as a function of different powers of 'x' (from x^1 to x^6).
The 'Estimate' column provides the estimated coefficients for each term in the model. For example, the coefficient for x^1 is 1.10952, for x^2 is 0.92462, and so on. These coefficients represent the change in the dependent variable 'y' for a one-unit change in the respective independent variable, holding all other variables constant.
The 'Std. Error' column gives the standard errors of the coefficients, which measure the accuracy of the coefficients. The smaller the standard error, the more accurate the coefficient.
The 't value' is the t-statistic, which is the coefficient divided by its standard error. It is used to test the null hypothesis that the coefficient is equal to zero (no effect).
The 'Pr(>|t|)' column gives the p-values for the t-tests. These are used to determine the significance of each coefficient. A small p-value (typically ≤ 0.05) indicates strong evidence that the coefficient is different from 0.
The asterisks next to the p-values indicate the level of significance. The more asterisks, the higher the level of significance.
The 'Residual standard error' is a measure of the model's accuracy - it is the standard deviation of the residuals. The 'Multiple R-squared' and 'Adjusted R-squared' are measures of how well the model fits the data. The closer these are to 1, the better the fit.
The 'F-statistic' is a measure of how significant the fit of the model is, and the 'p-value' associated with it is used to test the hypothesis that all the regression coefficients are zero.
In this case, the model seems to fit the data very well, given the high R-squared values and the significance of the coefficients.
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