“Our desire is that the Christians not lack people to work their holdings and to take out what gold there is. It also is our desire that the Indians live in community with the Christians, because they then will help each other cultivate and settle the island, take out the gold, and bring profit to Spain. Therefore, we command you, our governor, to compel the Indians to associate with the Christians. The Indians should work on the Christians’ building, mine the gold, till the fields, and produce food for the Christians. This the Indians shall perform as free people, which they are, and not as slaves. Also, see to it that the Indians are well treated, with those who become Christians better treated than the others. Do not consent or allow any person to do them any harm or oppress them.”Ferdinand, King, and Queen Isabella. "Instructions to Commander Nicolás De O Vando, Third Governor of Hispaniola, from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain." Letter to F Rey Nicolás De Ovando. 1503. New Iberian World: A Documentary History of the Discovery and Settlement of Latin America to the Early 17th Century. Vol. II.According to the source above, which of the following BEST describes the main goal of the Spanish?Elimination ToolSelect one answerATo do whatever it takes to live in peace with Native Americans.BTo convert Native Americans to Christianity.CTo ensure Native Americans are not enslaved.DTo convince Native Americans to help the Spanish find gold.

"Whereas, the King... always desired that the chiefs and Indians of the Island of Española be brought to a knowledge of our Holy Catholic Faith... we order and command that the citizen to whom the said Indians are given in encomienda shall, upon the land that is assigned to him, be obliged to erect a structure to be used for a church, on a site selected by you…Also, we order and command that, after the Indians have been brought to the estates, all the founding [of gold] that henceforth is done on the said Island shall be done in the manner prescribed below: that is, the said persons who have Indians in encomienda shall extract gold with them for five months in the year and, at the end of these five months, the said Indians shall rest forty days, and the day they cease their labor of extracting gold shall be noted on a certificate, which shall be given to the miners who go to the mines…"Hussey, Ronald D. "Text of the Laws of Burgos (1512-1513) Concerning the Treatment of the Indians." The Hispanic American Historical Review. Vol. 12, No. 3 (Aug., 1932), pp. 301-326. Published Duke University Press.Which of the following statements BEST reflects the relationship established between the Spanish and Native Americans by the set of laws above?Elimination ToolSelect one answerAThese laws gave Native Americans a powerful tool to report abuses by Spanish plantation owners.BThese laws resulted in large numbers of Native Americans willingly converting to Christianity.CThese laws allowed for Spanish exploitation of Native Americans as a source for labor on mines and plantations.DThese laws resulted in the creation of a vast alliance of Native American groups resisting Spanish rule.

"The cause for which the Christians have slain and destroyed so many and such infinite numbers of souls, has been simply to get, as their ultimate end, the Indians’ gold of them, and to stuff themselves with riches. . . owing to the insatiable greed and ambition that they have had, which has been greater than any the world has ever seen before. . . [A]ll the Indians of all the Indies never once did aught hurt or wrong to Christians, but rather held them to be descended from heaven, from the sky, until many times they or their neighbours received from the Christians many acts of wrongful harm, theft, murder, violence, and vexation. . .. I have great hope that the emperor and king of Spain, our lord Don Carlos, the fifth of that name, may come to understand (for until now the truth has always been most industriously covered over) the acts of malice and treachery which have been and still are being done upon those nations and lands, against the will of God and his own."de las Casas, Bartolome. An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies with Related Texts. Ed. Franklin Knight. Trans. Andrew Hurley. N.p.: Hackett, 2003. Print.This reflection of Bartolome de las Casas most strongly supports which of the following statements concerning Spanish brutality in the Indies?Elimination ToolSelect one answerANative Americans held strong racist attitudes towards the Spanish.BNative Americans in the Indies actively resisted Spanish Christianization efforts.CSpanish conquistadors were focused on gaining personal wealth.DThe Spanish feared organized Native American resistance.

Bartolome de las Casas, 1542"The cause for which the Christians have slain and destroyed so many and such infinite numbers of souls, has been simply to get, as their ultimate end, the Indians’ gold of them, and to stuff themselves with riches. . . owing to the insatiable greed and ambition that they have had, which has been greater than any the world has ever seen before. . . [A]ll the Indians of all the Indies never once did aught hurt or wrong to Christians, but rather held them to be descended from heaven, from the sky, until many times they or their neighbours received from the Christians many acts of wrongful harm, theft, murder, violence, and vexation. . .. I have great hope that the emperor and king of Spain, our lord Don Carlos, the fifth of that name, may come to understand (for until now the truth has always been most industriously covered over) the acts of malice and treachery which have been and still are being done upon those nations and lands, against the will of God and his own."de las Casas, Bartolome. An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies with Related Texts. Ed. Franklin Knight. Trans. Andrew Hurley. N.p.: Hackett, 2003. Print.This reflection of Bartolome de las Casas most strongly supports which of the following statements concerning Spanish brutality in the Indies?Elimination ToolSelect one answerANative Americans held strong racist attitudes towards the Spanish.BNative Americans in the Indies actively resisted Spanish Christianization efforts.CSpanish conquistadors were focused on gaining personal wealth.DThe Spanish feared organized Native American resistance.

"Our officials who reside in the city of Seville in our House of Trade of the Indies; know ye that I have given permission, and by the present [instrument] do give it, to Lorenzo de Gorrevod, governor of Bresa, member of my Council, whereby he, or the person or persons who may have his authority therefore, may proceed to take to the Indies, the islands and the mainland of the ocean sea already discovered or to be discovered, four thousand negro slaves both male and female, provided that they be Christians, in whatever proportions he may choose [. . .] and if the said governor of Bresa or the persons aforesaid who may have his authority, should make any arrangements with traders or other persons to ship the said slaves, male or female, direct from the isles of Guinea and other regions from which they are wont to bring the said negroes to these realms and to Portugal, or from any other region they please [. . .] that the said negroes male and female, having become Christians on reaching those islands, and how they have paid the customs duties there, in order that those taken be known and be not in excess of the aforesaid number."Worger, William H. "Africa and the West: A Documentary History. Vol. 1." New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Web. 23 Mar. 2016.Which of the following historical trends does this charter exemplify?Elimination ToolSelect one answerAThe desire of European leaders to spread Christianity to Africa.BThe growing rivalry between European countries for colonies in the New World.CThe increasing importance of enslaved Africans as a source of labor in the New World.DThe growing power of abolitionist groups in the colonies.

What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves?*AfricansAmerican Indiansindentured servantsEuropeans