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If A =2 2 41 3 41 2 x      is an idempotent matrix then

Question

If A =2 2 41 3 41 2 x      is an idempotent matrix then

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Solution

Para que la matriz A A sea idempotente, debe cumplir con la condición A2=A A^2 = A . Vamos a verificar esta condición paso a paso.

Dada la matriz A A :

A=(22413412x) A = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 2 & 4 \\ 1 & 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 2 & x \end{pmatrix}

Primero, calculamos A2 A^2 :

A2=AA=(22413412x)(22413412x) A^2 = A \cdot A = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 2 & 4 \\ 1 & 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 2 & x \end{pmatrix} \cdot \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 2 & 4 \\ 1 & 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 2 & x \end{pmatrix}

Realizamos la multiplicación de matrices:

A2=((22+21+41)(22+23+42)(24+24+4x)(12+31+41)(12+33+42)(14+34+4x)(12+21+x1)(12+23+x2)(14+24+xx)) A^2 = \begin{pmatrix} (2 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 1 + 4 \cdot 1) & (2 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + 4 \cdot 2) & (2 \cdot 4 + 2 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot x) \\ (1 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 1 + 4 \cdot 1) & (1 \cdot 2 + 3 \cdot 3 + 4 \cdot 2) & (1 \cdot 4 + 3 \cdot 4 + 4 \cdot x) \\ (1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 1 + x \cdot 1) & (1 \cdot 2 + 2 \cdot 3 + x \cdot 2) & (1 \cdot 4 + 2 \cdot 4 + x \cdot x) \end{pmatrix}

Simplificamos cada elemento de la matriz resultante:

A2=((4+2+4)(4+6+8)(8+8+4x)(2+3+4)(2+9+8)(4+12+4x)(2+2+x)(2+6+2x)(4+8+x2)) A^2 = \begin{pmatrix} (4 + 2 + 4) & (4 + 6 + 8) & (8 + 8 + 4x) \\ (2 + 3 + 4) & (2 + 9 + 8) & (4 + 12 + 4x) \\ (2 + 2 + x) & (2 + 6 + 2x) & (4 + 8 + x^2) \end{pmatrix}

A2=(10188+4x91916+4x4+x8+2x12+x2) A^2 = \begin{pmatrix} 10 & 18 & 8 + 4x \\ 9 & 19 & 16 + 4x \\ 4 + x & 8 + 2x & 12 + x^2 \end{pmatrix}

Para que A A sea idempotente, A2 A^2 debe ser igual a A A :

(10188+4x91916+4x4+x8+2x12+x2)=(22413412x) \begin{pmatrix} 10 & 18 & 8 + 4x \\ 9 & 19 & 16 + 4x \\ 4 + x & 8 + 2x & 12 + x^2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 2 & 4 \\ 1 & 3 & 4 \\ 1 & 2 & x \end{pmatrix}

Igualamos los elementos correspondientes de las dos matrices:

  1. 10=2 10 = 2
  2. 18=2 18 = 2
  3. 8+4x=4 8 + 4x = 4
  4. 9=1 9 = 1
  5. 19=3 19 = 3
  6. 16+4x=4 16 + 4x = 4
  7. 4+x=1 4 + x = 1
  8. 8+2x=2 8 + 2x = 2
  9. 12+x2=x 12 + x^2 = x

Observamos que las igualdades 1, 2, 4 y 5 no se cumplen, lo que indica que la matriz A A no puede ser idempotente. Por lo tanto, no existe un valor de x x que haga que A A sea idempotente.

This problem has been solved

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