Which of the following was the key to earning a position in the bureaucracy under the Han dynasty?academic achievementpolitical leadershipmilitary prowesshereditary lineagewealth accumulation
Question
Which of the following was the key to earning a position in the bureaucracy under the Han dynasty?academic achievementpolitical leadershipmilitary prowesshereditary lineagewealth accumulation
Solution
The key to earning a position in the bureaucracy under the Han dynasty was academic achievement. This was because the Han dynasty implemented a civil service examination system based on Confucian texts. Those who performed well in these examinations had a higher chance of being selected for bureaucratic positions. This system emphasized merit over aristocratic background or wealth, making academic achievement crucial for those aspiring to be part of the bureaucracy.
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Before answering the question, read the following excerpt.The Han dynasty was contemporaneous [existed at the same time] with the Roman Empire and has often been compared to it. Han and Rome both had strong governments that expanded geographically, promoted assimilation, and brought centuries of stability to the central regions. Both managed to deal with enormous problems of scale, ruling roughly similar numbers of people over roughly similar expanses of land. Both developed bureaucratic institutions, staffing them with educated landowners. Both invested in the construction of roads, defensive walls, and waterworks. Both were threatened by barbarians at their frontiers and often used barbarian tribal units as military auxiliaries.The contrasts between the Han and Roman empires are equally instructive. China was a civilization based much more profoundly on crop agriculture. Not only did animal husbandry play less of a role in agriculture, but cities and commerce played a lesser role in the overall economy. Cultural cohesion was also of a different order in Han China than in Rome. Perhaps because of the Chinese script, it is much easier to talk about a common culture among the elite in Han China than in the Roman Empire.From Patricia Buckley Ebrey, The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996, 2010), 85.Why might historians see value in comparing Han China and Rome?Choose 1 answer:Choose 1 answer:(Choice A) They had many interactions with each other. AThey had many interactions with each other.(Choice B) All comparisons have historical value.BAll comparisons have historical value.(Choice C) They existed at the same time and had nothing else in common.CThey existed at the same time and had nothing else in common.(Choice D) They existed at the same time and had similar political structures. DThey existed at the same time and had similar political structures.
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