Forall B cells, the first signal for activation comes from the binding ofantigen. However the second signal forthymus dependent B cells comes from_______ and for thymus independent Bcells, it comes from ______.
Question
Forall B cells, the first signal for activation comes from the binding ofantigen. However the second signal forthymus dependent B cells comes from_______ and for thymus independent Bcells, it comes from ______.
Solution
For thymus-dependent B cells, the second signal for activation comes from T helper cells. This is usually in the form of a protein called CD40 ligand (CD40L) on the T cell binding to CD40 on the B cell.
For thymus-independent B cells, the second signal comes from the antigen itself. These antigens have repetitive epitopes that cross-link B cell receptors, providing the second signal. This is why they are called thymus-independent – they do not require T cell help for activation.
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