1. Explain the differences between the following pair of computer exploits/attacks– Viruses, and Worms,–Trojan horses, and rootkits–Phishing and spam–A Distributed Denial- of-Service (DDoS) and  Botnets– Honeypot and Back Doors2. Differentiate between the following  computer criminals–A cracker and script skiddier–A cyberterrorist and cyberwarfare 3. Explain how antivirus programs are used to detect viruses and remove them to safeguard computers 4. As a company’s security analyst, outline the process of assessing  computer security-related risks  and how to establish and implement an IT security policy for your organisation.

1. Differences between computer exploits/attacks:

   • Viruses vs Worms: A virus is a malicious software that attaches itself to clean files and spreads throughout a computer system, infecting files with malicious code. Worms, on the other hand, are standalone software and do not require a host program or human help to propagate. They replicate themselves to spread to other computers.

   • Trojan Horses vs Rootkits: A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a normal file or program to trick users into downloading and installing malware. A rootkit is a software that enables continued privileged access to a computer while actively hiding its presence.

   • Phishing vs Spam: Phishing is a type of attack where the attacker pretends to be a reputable entity to steal sensitive data like credit card information. Spam is unsolicited messages sent over the internet, typically to a large number of users, for the purposes of advertising, phishing, spreading malware, etc.

   • DDoS vs Botnets: A Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. Botnets are networks of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners' knowledge, usually used for DDoS attacks.

   • Honeypot vs Back Doors: A honeypot is a computer system that is set up to act as a decoy to lure cyber attackers, and to detect, deflect, or study attempts to gain unauthorized access. Back doors are methods by which authorized and unauthorized users are able to get around normal security measures and gain high level user access on a computer system, network, or software application.

2. Differentiating between computer criminals:

   • A cracker vs script kiddie: A cracker is an individual who performs cracking, or the process of exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. A script kiddie is a derogatory term used to refer to non-expert hackers who rely on scripts and programs developed by others to conduct their hacking activities.

   • A cyberterrorist vs cyberwarfare: Cyberterrorism is the use of the internet to conduct violent acts that threaten or cause harm in order to achieve ideological, political, or social objectives. Cyberwarfare refers to the use of digital attacks by one country or nation to disrupt the computer systems of another with the aim of create significant damage, death or destruction.

3. Antivirus programs work by scanning your computer system for known threats. Modern antivirus software can also detect unknown threats based on the behavior of the files. When a threat is detected, the antivirus software works to neutralize it, either by quarantining the file so it can't spread or deleting it entirely.

4. As a security analyst, assessing computer security-related risks involves identifying potential threats, determining the vulnerability of IT systems to these threats, and then calculating the potential risks. To establish and implement an IT security policy, you would first need to define the policy by identifying key areas of concern. Then, develop a strategy to address each area, including defining roles and responsibilities, implementing security controls, and establishing procedures for monitoring and responding to security incidents.

1. Differences between computer exploits/attacks:

   • Viruses vs Worms: A virus is a malicious software that attaches itself to clean files and spreads throughout a computer system, infecting files with malicious code. Worms, on the other hand, are standalone software and do not require a host program or human help to propagate. They replicate themselves to spread to other computers.

   • Trojan Horses vs Rootkits: A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a normal file or program to trick users into downloading and installing more malware. A rootkit is a software package that gives a threat actor remote control over a computer or other system while hiding the existence of the malware.

   • Phishing vs Spam: Phishing is a type of attack that tricks the user into revealing sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers. It often involves a malicious email masquerading as a message from a trusted source. Spam is unsolicited email, often of a commercial nature, sent indiscriminately to multiple mailing lists, individuals, or newsgroups.

   • DDoS vs Botnets: A Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. Botnets are networks of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners' knowledge, usually used for DDoS attacks.

   • Honeypot vs Back Doors: A honeypot is a computer system that is set up to act as a decoy to lure cyber attackers and to detect, deflect, or study attempts to gain unauthorized access. Back doors are methods by which authorized and unauthorized users are able to get around normal security measures and gain high level user access on a computer system, network, or software application.

2. Differentiating between computer criminals:

   • A cracker vs script kiddie: A cracker is an individual who performs cracking, or the process of breaking into a computer system. A script kiddie is a derogatory term for a wannabe cracker who lacks programming skills and thus relies on pre-packaged automated tools to conduct his attacks.

   • A cyberterrorist vs cyberwarfare: A cyberterrorist is an individual who uses the Internet to conduct violent acts that threaten or cause harm in pursuit of political or ideological goals. Cyberwarfare refers to the use of digital attacks by one country or nation to disrupt the computer systems of another with the intention of causing damage, death and destruction.

3. Antivirus programs work by scanning your computer for signatures of known viruses. They also use heuristic analysis to detect new viruses or variants of existing viruses. Once a virus is detected, the antivirus program either quarantines or removes it.

4. As a security analyst, the process of assessing computer security-related risks involves identifying potential threats, determining the vulnerability of IT systems to these threats, and then calculating the potential impact. Once risks are assessed, an IT security policy can be established and implemented. This policy should include measures such as regular system audits, the installation of antivirus software, and the implementation of a disaster recovery plan.

Sure, I can do that. Here are the answers to your questions:

1. Differences between computer exploits/attacks:
   • Viruses vs Worms: A virus is a malicious software that