Charge – Q and 2Q are distributed uniformly on surface of two concentric spherical shells of radii ‘R’ and ‘2R’ respectively as shown in the figure. Select correct alternative(s) (A) the total electrostatic energy stored in the system is Q2 / 8πε0 R (B) electrostatic energy in the space between two shells is Q2 / 16πε0 R (C) electrostatic energy stored outside the system is Q2 / πε0 R (D) electrostatic energy in space between two shells is zero
Question
Charge – Q and 2Q are distributed uniformly on surface of two concentric spherical shells of radii ‘R’ and ‘2R’ respectively as shown in the figure. Select correct alternative(s) (A) the total electrostatic energy stored in the system is Q2 / 8πε0 R (B) electrostatic energy in the space between two shells is Q2 / 16πε0 R (C) electrostatic energy stored outside the system is Q2 / πε0 R (D) electrostatic energy in space between two shells is zero
Solution
The electrostatic energy stored in a system of charges is given by the formula:
U = k * Σ (qi*qj) / rij
where:
- U is the total electrostatic energy,
- k is Coulomb's constant,
- qi and qj are the charges,
- rij is the distance between the charges.
Let's calculate the energy for each pair of charges:
- Energy between charges Q and Q (on the same shell of radius R): U1 = k * Q^2 / R
- Energy between charges Q and 2Q (on different shells): U2 = k * 2Q^2 / 2R = k * Q^2 / R
- Energy between charges 2Q and 2Q (on the same shell of radius 2R): U3 = k * (2Q)^2 / 2R = 2k * Q^2 / R
The total energy U is the sum of these three energies:
U = U1 + U2 + U3 = k * Q^2 / R + k * Q^2 / R + 2k * Q^2 / R = 4k * Q^2 / R
We can replace k with 1 / 4πε0 to get the energy in terms of the permittivity of free space ε0:
U = Q^2 / πε0 R
So, the correct answer is (C) the electrostatic energy stored outside the system is Q^2 / πε0 R.
The other options are incorrect because:
(A) The total electrostatic energy stored in the system is not Q^2 / 8πε0 R, it's Q^2 / πε0 R. (B) The electrostatic energy in the space between two shells is not Q^2 / 16πε0 R, it's 0 because there are no charges in this space. (D) The electrostatic energy in space between two shells is indeed zero, as there are no charges in this space.
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