At room temperature, copper has free electron density of 8.4 × 1028 m−3. The electron drift velocity in a copper conductor of cross-sectional area 10−6 m2 and carrying a current of 5.4 A, will be -
Question
At room temperature, copper has free electron density of 8.4 × 1028 m−3. The electron drift velocity in a copper conductor of cross-sectional area 10−6 m2 and carrying a current of 5.4 A, will be -
Solution
The drift velocity (v) of electrons can be calculated using the formula:
v = I / (n * A * e)
where:
- I is the current,
- n is the number of free electrons per unit volume,
- A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor, and
- e is the charge of an electron (1.6 x 10^-19 C).
Given:
- I = 5.4 A,
- n = 8.4 x 10^28 m^-3,
- A = 10^-6 m^2, and
- e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C,
we can substitute these values into the formula to find:
v = 5.4 / (8.4 x 10^28 * 10^-6 * 1.6 x 10^-19) = 0.4 m/s
So, the electron drift velocity in the copper conductor is 0.4 m/s.
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