To study the effect of temperature on the tendency for vehicle tires to puncture, 1000 drivers in a large city were recruited and provided with two types of tires for their vehicles. For the three winter months during the year-long study, the drivers used Brand A winter tires on their vehicles. For the other nine months, the drivers used Brand B all-season tires on their vehicles. At the end of the year, the proportion of Brand A tires that punctured was compared to the proportion of Brand B tires that punctured. Is this a good experimental design? (A) No, because more than two tire brands should be used (B) No, because there might not be enough tires that puncture during the experiment (C) No, because of the presence of confounding (D) No, because proportions are not appropriate statistics to compare (E) Yes
Question
To study the effect of temperature on the tendency for vehicle tires to puncture, 1000 drivers in a large city were recruited and provided with two types of tires for their vehicles. For the three winter months during the year-long study, the drivers used Brand A winter tires on their vehicles. For the other nine months, the drivers used Brand B all-season tires on their vehicles. At the end of the year, the proportion of Brand A tires that punctured was compared to the proportion of Brand B tires that punctured. Is this a good experimental design? (A) No, because more than two tire brands should be used (B) No, because there might not be enough tires that puncture during the experiment (C) No, because of the presence of confounding (D) No, because proportions are not appropriate statistics to compare (E) Yes
Solution
The answer is (C) No, because of the presence of confounding. The study design is flawed because it does not take into account the different conditions that the two types of tires are exposed to. Brand A tires are used during winter months, which could potentially have more hazardous driving conditions that could lead to more punctures. Brand B tires are used during non-winter months where driving conditions could be less severe. This is a confounding variable that could affect the results of the study. Therefore, it is not a fair comparison between the two brands of tires.
Similar Questions
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A tire manufacturer has a 60,000-mile warranty for tread life. The manufacturer considers the overall tire quality to be acceptable if less than 8% are worn out at 60,000 miles.The manufacturer tests 250 tires that have been used for 60,000 miles. They find that 15 of them are worn out. With this data, we test the following hypotheses at the 5% significance level.H0: The proportion of tires that are worn out after 60,000 miles is equal to 0.08.Ha: The proportion of tires that are worn out after 60,000 miles is less than 0.08.The p-value is 0.15. Which conclusion is correct? Accept H0. Reject H0. Fail to reject H0.
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