In the second half of the twentieth century to-date a shift has occurred from acute infectious disease to rampant chronic non-infectious, degenerative diseases. Citing specific examples of the latter health disorders, elaborate on how the latter group of diseases are associated with human nutrition, physical activity levels, aging and environmental pollution.
Question
In the second half of the twentieth century to-date a shift has occurred from acute infectious disease to rampant chronic non-infectious, degenerative diseases. Citing specific examples of the latter health disorders, elaborate on how the latter group of diseases are associated with human nutrition, physical activity levels, aging and environmental pollution.
Solution
En la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la fecha, se ha producido un cambio de enfermedades infecciosas agudas a enfermedades crónicas no infecciosas y degenerativas. Ejemplos específicos de estas últimas incluyen enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2, cáncer y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. A continuación, se detalla cómo estas enfermedades están asociadas con la nutrición humana, los niveles de actividad física, el envejecimiento y la contaminación ambiental.
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Nutrición Humana:
- Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: Una dieta alta en grasas saturadas, colesterol y sodio puede aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión, aterosclerosis y enfermedades del corazón. El consumo excesivo de azúcares y carbohidratos refinados también puede contribuir a la obesidad, un factor de riesgo significativo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
- Diabetes Tipo 2: La ingesta excesiva de alimentos ricos en azúcares y grasas, junto con una dieta baja en fibra, puede llevar a la resistencia a la insulina y, eventualmente, a la diabetes tipo 2.
- Cáncer: Algunos tipos de cáncer, como el cáncer de colon, están asociados con dietas bajas en fibra y altas en carnes rojas y procesadas. Además, la obesidad, que puede resultar de una mala alimentación, es un factor de riesgo para varios tipos de cáncer.
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Niveles de Actividad Física:
- Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: La falta de actividad física puede llevar a la obesidad, hipertensión y niveles elevados de colesterol,
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