Which supporting detail BEST shows that it is not easy to become an astronaut? A. Jemison’s first position was at the Kennedy Space Center. B. Science mission specialists conduct experiments aboard space shuttles. C. In 1986, Sally Ride became the first American woman in space. D. Only fifteen applicants out of 2000 were chosen for the astronaut program in 1987.

Becoming an astronaut is neither simple nor straightforward; there are no schools for astronauts or university courses. So how do you become an astronaut and what qualifications and (0) qualities do you need?Space agencies are looking for the best people possible. Training an astronaut is a (1) Answer 1 Question 1 investment for any agency; training is lengthy and expensive, and the support needed both before and during a space mission is costly.It takes years to organise a space mission and (2) Answer 2 Question 1 hundreds of people are involved in preparing the astronauts and the spacecraft. Astronauts are pivotal to the success of a mission but flight opportunities are (3) Answer 3 Question 1, so space agencies want to be sure that the astronaut selected will make the (4) Answer 4 Question 1 possible use of the precious time they will spend in space.What qualities do you need?Astronauts need to be able to apply their considerable knowledge and skills to the tasks for which they have been trained; be able to bear tremendous (5) Answer 5 Question 1 while in orbit; and be determined to succeed. This is what makes them special.A high level of education in scientific or technical disciplines, (6) Answer 6 Question 1 with an outstanding professional background in research, application or education fields possibly (7) Answer 7 Question 1 by the use of computer systems and applications, is essential. Previous experience with aircraft operations is a bonus, particularly if it (8) Answer 8 Question 1 responsible tasks such as being a test pilot or flight engineer. The more skills and experience an applicant has the (9) Answer 9 Question 1, as this will increase their ability to (10) Answer 10 Question 1 a variety of tasks.Equally essential is excellent physical condition. Astronauts have to (11) Answer 11 Question 1 intensive periods of training and may (12) Answer 12 Question 1 in spaceflights that last for months. During this time their body will be subject to a great deal of stress and good health and physical endurance are essential.

Who was the first Indian astronaut to travel in space/

Read the passage.The Space Race was an exciting competition between the United States and the former Soviet Union during the middle of the twentieth century. Both countries were racing to be the first to put equipment and people into space. In 1957, the Soviets shocked the world by launching the first man-made satellite into Earth's orbit, which put enormous pressure on the U.S. to keep up. Then, in 1961, the Soviets were first to put a human into space. Not to be outdone, though, the U.S. launched its own astronaut into space a few weeks later. In 1969, the U.S. made history as the first nation to land astronauts on the surface of the moon. This was a huge turning point in the race that finally put the U.S. ahead.Based on the passage, which sequence of events in the Space Race is correct?The U.S. launched the first man into space before the Soviet Union landed the first men on the moon.The Soviet Union launched the first man into space before the U.S. put the first astronauts on the moon.The U.S. landed the first astronauts on the moon before the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite into space.The U.S. launched the first man-made satellite into space before the Soviet Union put the first man into space.Submit

The lure of human space travel is undeniable. We’ve allgrown up on endless types of entertainment set in thefuture that portray adventures on distant planets. Imagineyourself as an astronaut, a part of the first manned mission toMars. Beyond that, there are generations of people who havebeen working to make space and space travel look cool, eveninevitable. But high aspirations and romance aside, we needto face the harsh realities. Our notions about the inevitabilityand wonder of human space travel need to be checked, andany plans need to be reconsidered. Some of the best reasons tocurtail space exploration come down to economics, human cost,and technology.1Should robots lead the journey to outer space?This writer says yes.Let Robots Take tothe StarsArgument by Eiren CaffallANALYZE ARGUMENTAnnotate: In paragraph 1, markthe author’s central claim andmark the reasons the author willuse to support the claim.Interpret: What will the author’sargument be? How does the titleof the selection help clarify theauthor’s argument?B286 UNIT 3 COLLABORATE & COMPAREDon’t forget toNotice & Note as youread the text.© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing CompanySpace Travel Is ExpensiveSpace travel is extremely expensive. To get humans to Mars,it would take $1 trillion over a 25-year period. Obviously, nosingle government would want to take on that kind of funding.A Mars mission would require international cooperation at asignificant cost to each partner nation. A Mars mission mightfoster international cooperation, but it would consume fundsthat could be used for other things.Some people suggest that the only way to get to Mars wouldbe with the help of private companies. Because of this, thespace exploration industry is made up not only of governmentagencies but also private companies headed by dreamersand people interested in profits over practicality. But theseorganizations are often badly managed. They don’t work for thegovernment, so accountability could be a problem. Even well-run companies are unlikely to have enough money to launcha Mars mission on their own. There are some experts who saythat it wouldn’t be possible to launch a mission to Mars withoutfunding from commercials that would run during coverage ofthe project. That would turn a scientific mission into a realitytelevision show. Would you want to trust a scientific mission tothe people who run reality TV?Space Travel Could Harm OurPolluted WorldThe risks of space exploration could be grave for a planetalready plagued by pollution. There is an extra result of spacetravel: black carbon from rocket exhaust that’s deposited inthe outer atmosphere. The launch of a suborbital tourist craftis said to produce less carbon emissions than a standard flightfrom New York to London. However, once the rocket is abovethe atmosphere, the black carbon it releases can be prettydamaging. Try to imagine the black smoke from a diesel trucksitting above the sky. With no weather to wash it into theoceans, black carbon can stay put for up to ten years.Many space boosters are suggesting that being able toleave our planet once it’s exhausted of resources is a priority.They seem to be proposing that we have some sort of Planet B.Somehow they think that a colony on Mars or the moon couldtake the pressure off our world. Many of these people planningto profit from two things at once are also fans of the dubioustechnology of geoengineering.

Read the passage. Choose A, B or C to answer each question.    First explorations into the planetsHuman’s dream of stepping into the outer space has been long ago and Jules Verne - a famous fiction writer of the 19th century was the first to describe such journeys. However, it was not until 14 September 1959 when the first artificial object - Lunar 2 - reached the moon. It was a journey of around 36 hours. Then on 3 February 1966 Luna 9 - an unmanned space mission - achieved a soft landing on the moon and transmitted photographic data to Earth. Lunar 10 - a robotic spacecraft mission entered lunar orbit on April 3, 1966. On 20 July 1969, the first manned landing on the moon was made by Neil Armstrong. After his journey, a series of journeys to other planets were made. The first flyby - the flight of a spacecraft near a planet to record data - of Venus was made by Mariner 2 in 1962. Other flybies include that in 1965 for Mars by Mariner 4, 1973 for Jupiter by Pioneer 10, 1974 for Mercury by Mariner 10, 1979 for Saturn by Pioneer 11, 1986 for Uranus by Voyager 2, 1989 for Neptune by Voyager 2. Question 19. Jules Verne was the first ______.A.to describe space journeysB.to dream of flying into spaceC.to enter the moonQuestion 20. Lunar 2 was the first artificial object to ______.A.land on the moonB.orbit the moonC.reach the moonQuestion 21. Lunar 9 ______.A.was launched eight years after Lunar 2B.was launched with a humanC.could send photographic data to EarthQuestion 22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of Lunar 10?A.It was launched in the same year with Lunar 9.B.It landed on the moon.C.It was launched with a robot.Question 23. A flyby is a flight of a spacecraft ______.A.near Venus, Mars and Mercury to take picturesB.made in 1962, 1974 and 1898C.made near a planet to gain data of the planet