To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting a graph between load andextension

A helical spring is hung from the edge of a bench top, as shown. Before the load is hung on the spring, the pin points to the 29.8 cm mark on the metre rule.When a load of 5.5 N is hung on the spring, the pin points to 62.8 cm. Calculate the the spring constant.

What does the gradient of the line on the graph represent?2 marksThe spring constantThe length of the springThe force appliedThe mass of the spring

A student is investigating how the force applied to two different springs affects their extension.  She plots an extension-force graph for spring A (with extension on the y-axis and force on the x-axis) and obtains a straight line.  On the same axes, she plots a second straight line using the data which she obtained for spring B.  The gradient (slope) of the line for spring B is lower than that for spring A.  What does this tell us about the spring constants of these springs?The spring constant of spring A is equal to that of spring BThe spring constant of spring A is lower than that of spring BNothingThe spring constant of spring A is greater than that of spring B

0 2 . 4 Write down the equation that links extension, force and spring constant.

0 2 . 3 Complete Figure 2 by plotting the missing data from Table 1. Draw the line of best fit. Table 1 is repeated here to help you answer this question. [2 marks] Table 1 Force in N Extension in cm 0 0.0 2 3.5 4 8.0 6 12.5 8 16.0 10 20.0 0 2 . 4 Write down the equation that links extension, force and spring constant. [1 mark] 7 *07* Turn over ► IB/G/Jun18/8463/2H Do not write outside the box 0 2 . 5 Calculate the spring constant of the spring that the student used. Give your answer in newtons per metre. [4 marks] Spring constant = N/m 0 2 . 6 Hooke’s Law states that: ‘The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.’ The student concluded that over the range of force used, the spring obeyed Hooke’s Law. Explain how the data supports the student’s conclusion. [2 marks] Turn over for the next question 16 8 *08* IB/G/Jun18/8463/2H Do not write outside the box 0 3 P-waves and S-waves are two types of seismic wave caused by earthquakes. 0 3 . 1 Which one of the statements about P-waves and S-waves is correct? Tick one box. [1 mark] P-waves and S-waves are transverse. P-waves and S-waves are longitudinal. P-waves are transverse and S-waves are longitudinal. P-waves are longitudinal and S-waves are transverse. Seismometers on the Earth’s surface record the vibrations caused by seismic waves. Figure 3 shows the vibration recorded by a seismometer for one P-wave. Figure 3 0 3 . 2 Calculate the frequency of the P-wave shown in Figure 3. [1 mark] Frequency = Hz 9 *09* Turn over ► IB/G/Jun18/8463/2H Do not write outside the box 0 3 . 3 Write down the equation which links frequency, wavelength and wave speed. [1 mark] 0 3 . 4 The P-wave shown in Figure 3 is travelling at 7200 m/s. Calculate the wavelength of the P-wave. [3 marks] Wavelength = m 0 3 . 5 Explain why the study of seismic waves provides evidence for the structure of the Earth’s core. [2 marks] Question 3 continues on the next page 10 *10* IB/G/Jun18/8463/2H Do not write outside the box Figure 4 shows a simple seismometer made by a student. Figure 4 To test that the seismometer works, the student pushes the bar magnet into the coil and then releases the bar magnet. 0 3 . 6 Why does the movement of the bar magnet induce a potential difference across the coil? [1 mark] 0 3 . 7 Why is the induced potential difference across the coil alternating? [1 mark] 11 *11* Turn over ► IB/G/Jun18/8463/2H Do not write outside the box 0 3 . 8 Figure 5 shows how the potential difference induced across the coil varies after the bar magnet has been released. Figure 5 Which statement describes the movement of the magnet when the induced potential difference is zero? Tick one box. [1 mark] Accelerating upwards. Constant speed upwards. Decelerating downwards. Stationary. 0 3 . 9 The seismometer cannot detect small vibrations. Suggest two changes to the design of the seismometer that would make it more sensitive to small vibrations. [2 marks] 1 2