1. Diffusion of respiratory gases takes place at the:respiratory center.alveolocapillary membrane.parietal pleurae.visceral pleurae.22. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly transported in the blood:in the form of bicarbonate.combined with albumin.dissolved in red blood cells.attached to oxygen (O2).23. Which cytokines participate in hematopoiesis?NeutrophilsEosinophilsStimulating factors (CSFs)Basophils24. Which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva?IgGIgDIgEIgA25. Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?HyperventilationVomitingAn increase in noncarbonic acidsPneumonia26. Which group of people is most prone to color blindness?ChildrenMalesFemalesElderly persons27. After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing. Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for his response?Irritant receptors in the trachea and large airwaysIrritant receptors in the nostrilsUpper respiratory tract mucosaUpper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinates28. Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in:alterations in alveolar perfusion.increased partial pressure of O2 in the lungs.increased oxygen consumption.decreased PaCO2.29. A patient with one kidney underwent surgery for an adrenal tumor that removed a large portion of the zona glomerulosa. The nurse would expect a postsurgical decrease in the patient’s:sodium.acid.aldosterone.potassium.30. The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to:surface tension.minute volume.alveolar radius.wall thickness.31. While planning care for infants, which principles should the nurse remember? (select all that apply) Infants have problems with thermoregulation because they:have decreased metabolic rates.cannot conserve heat.have excess subcutaneous fat.rarely sweat.do not shiver.32. Several years after an amputation the patient continues to sporadically feel pain in the absent hand. What type of pain should the nurse document in the chart?Visceral painChronic painNeuropathic painPhantom limb pain33. For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2.kidney excretion of HCO3.protein buffering.kidney excretion of H+.34. How do the releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary?Hypophyseal portal systemVessels of the zona fasciculataChromophilsMedian eminence35. Erythropoietin is produced in the:kidneys.spleen.liver.bone marrow.36. The nasopharynx is lined with a ciliated mucosal membrane with a highly vascular blood supply. One function of this membrane is to:cool air.humidify air.absorb air.exchange gases.37. A 20-year-old experiences a severe closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following structures is most likely keeping the patient in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident?Spinal cordCerebellumCerebral cortexBrainstem38. A 65-year-old patient diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to uncontrolled hypertension appears drowsy and confused with pronounced focal neurologic deficits. This symptomology would place this hemorrhage at which grade?IVIIIIII39. Which system modulates a patient’s perception of pain?Sensory-discriminative systemAffective-motivational systemReticular-activating systemCognitive-evaluative system40. A nurse should document on the chart that chronic pain is occurring when the patient reports the pain has lasted longer than:3-6 months.1 month.1 year.2-3 years.