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The graph of which of the following equations has y = 1 as an asymptote?A. y = ln(x)B.𝑦=𝑥𝑥+1y= x+1x​ C.𝑦=𝑒−𝑥y=e −x D.𝑦=𝑥2𝑥−1y= x−1x 2 ​ E. y = sin(x)

Question

The graph of which of the following equations has y = 1 as an asymptote?A. y = ln(x)B.𝑦=𝑥𝑥+1y= x+1x​ C.𝑦=𝑒−𝑥y=e −x D.𝑦=𝑥2𝑥−1y= x−1x 2 ​ E. y = sin(x)

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Solution

Para determinar cuál de las ecuaciones tiene y = 1 como una asíntota, analizaremos cada una de las opciones:

A. y=ln(x) y = \ln(x)

  • La función logarítmica ln(x) \ln(x) no tiene una asíntota horizontal en y=1 y = 1 . A medida que x x tiende a infinito, ln(x) \ln(x) tiende a infinito, y a medida que x x tiende a 0, ln(x) \ln(x) tiende a menos infinito.

B. y=xx+1 y = \frac{x}{x+1}

  • Para encontrar las asíntotas horizontales, evaluamos el comportamiento de la función cuando x x tiende a infinito. Dividimos el numerador y el denominador por x x : y=xx+1=11+1x y = \frac{x}{x+1} = \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{x}} Cuando x x tiende a infinito, 1x \frac{1}{x} tiende a 0, por lo que: y11+0=1 y \approx \frac{1}{1+0} = 1 Por lo tanto, y=1 y = 1 es una asíntota horizontal de esta función.

C. y=ex y = e^{-x}

  • A medida que x x tiende a infinito, ex e^{-x} tiende a 0, no a 1. Por lo tanto, no tiene una asíntota en y=1 y = 1 .

D. y=x1x2 y = \frac{x-1}{x^2}

  • Para encontrar las asíntotas horizontales, evaluamos el comportamiento de la función cuando x x tiende a infinito: y=x1x2=11xx y = \frac{x-1}{x^2} = \frac{1 - \frac{1}{x}}{x} Cuando x x tiende a infinito, 1x \frac{1}{x} tiende a 0, por lo que: y1x y \approx \frac{1}{x} Esto tiende a 0, no a 1. Por lo tanto, no tiene una asíntota en y=1 y = 1 .

E. y=sin(x) y = \sin(x)

  • La función seno oscila entre -1 y 1 y no tiene asíntotas horizontales.

Conclusión: La ecuación cuya gráfica tiene y=1 y = 1 como una asíntota es la opción B. y=xx+1 y = \frac{x}{x+1} .

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