Which of the following is a disadvantage of chlorination as a water treatment method?a. It can form harmful disinfection by productsb. It requires large amounts of energyc. It is ineffective at killing bacteria and virusesd. It is expensive

Why chlorination is more important than Ozone treatment and UV treatment in water?

Regarding the choices of disinfectant for coronavirus inactivation in water, the use of chlorine still represents the best economic solution.18 However, chlorine reacts with ammonia present in wastewater to form combined chlorine (chloramine), which behaves differently to free chlorine during disinfection. Thus, it is important to understand the chlorine/chloramine speciation and breakpoints specific to the wastewater chemistry for each facility. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish quantitative disinfection kinetics, for example, log inactivation vs. CT values of coronaviruses for traditional disinfectants, including chlorine, chloramine and ozone, and emerging disinfectants, including peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The role of the optimal dose of residual disinfectant is also crucial for drinking water systems. In WWTPs, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can also play an important role.19,20 Viruses are generally concentrated in suspended solids that are efficiently removed by filtration mechanisms. In MBRs the retention of suspended solids in the bioreactor, combined with the presence of antagonist microorganisms and adverse chemical–physical conditions, leads to the efficient inactivation of enveloped viruses, such as coronaviruses.19,20 Peracetic acid has been found to have some efficacy against some non-enveloped viruses (e.g. norovirus) that are known to be more resistant than enveloped viruses.13,21 Additional research could provide reassurance of the effectiveness of disinfection processes, specifically against coronaviruses and at lower doses and contact times. Additional studies may also be warranted for disinfectants such as peracetic acid and combined chlorine (chloramine), where there is a lack of coronavirus-specific data or the evidence suggests higher bacterial susceptibility to disinfection compared to viruses. list the conclusions

What is the best way to disinfect water?Group of answer choicesAdd Chlorine to the waterAdd sand to the waterBoil the waterStrain water through a cloth

How does chlorination, relate to water purification and how and when is this reaction used. What happens in this reaction? Answer all of the questions above in a few paragraphs as a high school student would write it for a science project Do some research using high quality sources to identify how chlorination relates to the purpose of water purification. Be sure to include proper in-text citations and fully document in APA format the sources below

Which of the following practices does not conserve water?a.Avoiding water wastageb.Rainwater harvestingc.Improving irrigation efficiencyd.Groundwater extraction