Historically, up until the Middle Ages, populations were mostly limited byMultiple Choicelow fertility rates.culturally imposed family planning practices.disease and poor nutrition.religious restrictions on marriage.infanticide.

The studies of fertility among the hunting and gathering populations and early modern societies provided by Robbins and Dowty indicate that: Group of answer choicessocieties were *not* able to adjust birth rates or mortality rates to adapt to the social and economic environment in which they existed.high fertility rates were universal across different social and environmental contexts.only modern birth control technologies have allowed societies to manage birth rates.societies were able to adjust birth rates to adapt to the social and economic environment in which they existed.

Why did middle-class family size decline in the nineteenth century?Multiple choice question.Evangelical preachers instructed women to have fewer children.The invention of the contraceptive pill made family planning more possible.Women wanted to be able to provide more opportunities for their children.Birth control was legalized by the federal government.

The "demographic transition" process connecting societal development and wealth to fertility rates is best understood as:  Group of answer choicesan accurate description of historical reality for many existing societies.a fundamentally theoretical claim about possible outcomes.

What had to happen in order for towns to develop during the Middle Ages? aThere had to be enough land. bDemocracy had to begin. cThere had to be extra food to sell and give people time to learn to make things dFeudalism had to end.

Which of the following are reasons that the population shifted from rural to urban at the end of the 1800s? (Select all that apply.)Multiple select question.European immigrants settled in cities.Social opportunities were scarce in cities.Technology made agriculture more efficient.Cultural opportunities were more abundant in cities.Farms were downsizing as food demand decreased.