5Doctors can operate and replace faulty heart valves. What is a disadvantage of using a mechanical rather than a biological valve? Requires anti-coagulation medicationMore likely to be rejected Requires a close tissue matchDoes not last as long6In heart transplant operations, what is a

As the heart pumps, the valves surrounding the heart open and close to prevent blood from flowing backward. Some patients with a heart disease need to have surgery to replace these valves. Doctors have designed two different types of valve replacements, mechanical and biological. The differences between the designs are shown in the table below.Mechanical BiologicalLikelihood of the valvecreating a blood clot? likely unlikelyDoes the valve makea noise? yes noHow long will medicationbe taken after surgery? lifetime only 3 monthsLikelihood of thenew valve failing? unlikely likelyAn elderly patient is considering one of these designs for their heart valve replacement. Surgery at this patient's age can be dangerous. It is important that the design is durable and the possible number of heart surgeries is limited. Based on the information provided in the table, which design best matches the patient's criteria? A. Mechanical, because it is likely that that the valve will create a blood clot. B. Mechanical, because it is unlikely that the new valve will fail. C. Biological, because the patient will only take medicine for 3 months after the surgery. D. Biological, because the valve does not make a noise.

In heart transplant operations, what is an advantage of using a natural donor heart rather than an artificial heart?Good availabilityLess likely to be rejected Longer lastingDoes not require life-long medicationCHECK YOUR ANSWERS

A patient with heart complications may need an artificial heart to permanently or temporarily replace their heart. An engineer is planning to create a new version of an artificial heart. Which of the following is a constraint on the artificial heart design? A. The material of the artificial heart must be strong and heavy to hold all of the blood in the patient's body. B. The rate at which the artificial heart pumps must be able to change based on the patient's activity level. C. The material of the artificial heart must chemically react with blood and oxygen inside the patient's body. D. The artificial heart must be able to turn on or off based on whether the patient is awake or asleep.

A patient with heart complications may need an artificial heart to permanently or temporarily replace their heart. An engineer is planning to create a new version of an artificial heart. Which of the following is a constraint on the artificial heart design? A. The artificial heart must be able to turn on or off based on whether the patient is awake or asleep. B. The material of the artificial heart must be strong and heavy to hold all of the blood in the patient's body. C. The material of the artificial heart must chemically react with blood and oxygen inside the patient's body. D. The rate at which the artificial heart pumps must be able to change based on the patient's activity level.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of therapeutic cloning?An organ that is an exact match to the patient could be created in a lab.There is a high chance the tissue or organ transplant would be rejected by the patient.The drugs taken before egg donation can have serious side effects.Stem cells from an embryo can differentiate into many different types of cell.